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Live/Forecast engine/October 16, 2026

Forecast engine

Storm Station’s own forecast, set every day beside NOAA’s National Blend of Models, the National Weather Service forecast, NOAA’s GFS, HRRR and NAM, and ECMWF’s IFS and AIFS, and scored against what the airfields reported, hour by hour. Who came closest, by how much, where, why, and how the engine learns from it. A reading is first checked against the stations around it, so a faulty instrument never counts against a forecast.

Where Storm Station came closer than the NBM

October 16, 2026, the latest day scored, every airfield against what it reported, hour by hour. For temperature, Storm Station came closer than the NBM at 871 airfields, was level at 531 and further at 1,093. Blue is closer, red further, gray level; the brighter the dot, the larger the gap. Scored each morning for the day before.

Every one of 2,365 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s temperature forecast came than the NBM on October 16, 2026: closer at 814, level at 499, further at 1,052; the 70 panel airports ringed. Chosen beside them, one family at a time, 2,262 stations of the Blend that are not airfields, squares shaded by how far the temperature forecast missed.

871 of 2,495 airfields closer than the NBM44 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 F or more321
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 F550
  3. level, within 0.1 F531
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 F692
  5. further by 0.5 F or more401

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 2 of 70, level at 65 and further at 3. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

1,921 fire weather stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.4 F on average

  1. within 2 F482
  2. 2 to 4 F921
  3. 4 F or more518

Closest

  1. Shelter CoveAK0.5 F
  2. Round LakeAK0.6 F
  3. Assateague IslandMD0.6 F
  4. Graphite LakeAK0.7 F
  5. Serpentine RAWSAK0.7 F

Furthest

  1. Fourpeaked RAWSAK38.0 F
  2. Stehekin RAWSWA13.2 F
  3. Stonyford RAWSCA13.0 F
  4. Point Six RAWSMT12.5 F
  5. KRN03 RAWSCA12.5 F

199 snow pillows scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.3 F on average

  1. within 2 F36
  2. 2 to 4 F115
  3. 4 F or more48

80 river and lake gauges scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 2.9 F on average

  1. within 2 F27
  2. 2 to 4 F35
  3. 4 F or more18

14 other stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.8 F on average

  1. within 2 F4
  2. 2 to 4 F7
  3. 4 F or more3

Each square a station of the Blend that is not an airfield, shaded by how far Storm Station’s temperature forecast missed it, averaged over the forecast hours scored; drawn and ranked where 24 or more were scored. Storm Station’s correction learns at each station from its first day scored, so at first it is the NBM’s own forecast.

Every one of 2,364 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s dew point forecast came than the NBM on October 16, 2026: closer at 706, level at 632, further at 1,026; the 70 panel airports ringed

738 of 2,494 airfields closer than the NBM41 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 F or more279
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 F459
  3. level, within 0.1 F673
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 F762
  5. further by 0.5 F or more321

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 0 of 70, level at 68 and further at 2. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

Every one of 2,368 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s wind forecast came than the NBM on October 16, 2026: closer at 1,077, level at 587, further at 704; the 70 panel airports ringed

1,150 of 2,506 airfields closer than the NBM61 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 mph or more460
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 mph690
  3. level, within 0.1 mph614
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 mph587
  5. further by 0.5 mph or more155

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 26 of 70, level at 40 and further at 4. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

Every one of 2,031 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s sky cover forecast came than the NBM on October 16, 2026: closer at 1,391, level at 274, further at 366; the 70 panel airports ringed

1,468 of 2,127 airfields closer than the NBM79 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 5 points or more973
  2. closer by 1 to 5 points495
  3. level, within 1 point279
  4. further by 1 to 5 points238
  5. further by 5 points or more142

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 6 of 66, level at 57 and further at 3. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

How close was Storm Station on October 16, 2026?

The temperature Storm Station forecast was off by 2.1 F on average, and within 5 F in 95 of every 100 hours. It ran 0.4 F cool.

Hours of reports
24 of 24
Temperature forecasts scored
237,143
Readings checked
117,797
Readings that failed
203
Misses over 10 F
542

Who came closest on October 16, 2026

Every forecast at the same 70 airports, every hour of the day, against what the airports reported. The bar is how much closer than the NBM each came, to the right, or further, to the left, over temperature, dew point, wind and sky cover together.

  1. 1Storm Station correctionThe NBM with each station’s habit taken out, learned the day after+7.3%Temperature2.0 FDew point2.1 FWind3.1 mphSky cover15.3 points
  2. 2ECMWF AIFSArtificial Intelligence Forecasting System, the European Centre’s AI model+2.7%Temperature2.0 FDew point2.0 FWind3.6 mphSky cover16.7 points
  3. 3Storm StationThe engine’s own forecast, as every page prints it+0.1%Temperature2.1 FDew point2.0 FWind3.3 mphSky cover20.7 points
  4. 4NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)NOAA’s statistical blend of many models, the national referenceReferenceTemperature2.1 FDew point2.0 FWind3.3 mphSky cover20.7 points
  5. 5National Weather Service forecastEach forecast office’s gridded forecast, the National Digital Forecast Database-0.7%Temperature2.1 FDew point2.1 FWind3.3 mphSky cover19.5 points
  6. 6ECMWF IFSIntegrated Forecasting System, the European Centre’s global model-10.0%Temperature2.3 FDew point2.2 FWind3.6 mphSky cover21.4 points
  7. 7NOAA HRRRHigh-Resolution Rapid Refresh, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model, run every hour-21.3%Temperature2.7 FDew point2.9 FWind3.2 mphSky cover24.2 points
  8. 8NOAA NAMNorth American Mesoscale model, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model over the lower 48-21.6%Temperature2.7 FDew point2.7 FWind3.3 mphSky cover25.8 points
  9. 9NOAA GFSGlobal Forecast System, NOAA’s global model-22.9%Temperature2.3 FDew point3.3 FWind3.5 mphSky cover22.5 points

Every forecast, every day

The mean miss of each forecast on each day scored, all at the same 70 airports, over every hour ahead. Lower is closer. Choose a figure; choose a forecast below to show or hide it. Point to a day for its figures.

Mean miss of every forecast of the temperature, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234FSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16GFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSGFSNWS forecastStorm StationNBMCorrectionAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the temperature, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234FSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16GFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSGFSNWS forecastStorm StationNBMCorrectionAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the dew point, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.0246FSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16GFSGFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSNWS forecastCorrectionAIFSStorm StationNBM
Mean miss of every forecast of the dew point, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.0246FSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16GFSGFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSNWS forecastCorrectionAIFSStorm StationNBM
Mean miss of every forecast of the wind, mph, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234mphSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16IFSAIFSGFSNBMNWS forecastStorm StationNAMHRRRCorrectionGFS with HRRR
Mean miss of every forecast of the wind, mph, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234mphSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16IFSAIFSGFSNBMNWS forecastStorm StationNAMHRRRCorrectionGFS with HRRR
Mean miss of every forecast of the sky cover, points, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.10203040pointsSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16GFS with HRRRNAMHRRRGFSIFSNBMStorm StationNWS forecastAIFSCorrection
Mean miss of every forecast of the sky cover, points, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.10203040pointsSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16GFS with HRRRNAMHRRRGFSIFSNBMStorm StationNWS forecastAIFSCorrection

What changed

  1. Oct 13 is the first day all eight of its forecasts carry the NBM on Storm Station’s own hours, and from it the targets for sky cover in its category and for the first six hours compare Storm Station with that NBM.
  2. From the forecasts of 07 UTC Oct 11, the NBM is also scored on Storm Station’s own hours: the cycle Storm Station was made from, counted from the same hour. Until then the NBM was scored only from its own cycle, an hour earlier.
  3. Oct 11 is the first day the first six hours are also scored against the last reading carried forward, the measure the first hours must beat (T8).
  4. Oct 11 is the first day sky cover is also scored as the airport reports it: each forecast’s cover put in the category the airport’s sensor would report, from clear to overcast, against the category it reported.
  5. From the forecasts of 13 UTC on, Storm Station is made from the NBM’s cycle of the hour before each forecast, the newest posted; until then it was made from the cycle of two hours before, while the NBM is scored from its own cycle of the hour.
  6. Oct 6 is the first day each of the five models is scored from all eight of the day’s forecasts, so each is ranked beside Storm Station.
  7. NOAA GFS with HRRR, the two models laid together as one forecast, retired. Its days are kept as scored.
  8. From the forecasts of Oct 5 on, the five models are read from NOAA’s and ECMWF’s own published runs.
  9. NOAA’s GFS, HRRR and NAM and ECMWF’s IFS and AIFS joined, each compared on its own, from the forecasts of 19 UTC. A day that holds a model from fewer forecasts than Storm Station sets it aside.
  10. Storm Station became the engine’s own forecast at the forecasts of 13 UTC; before them it was the middle of the National Weather Service forecast and NOAA GFS with HRRR. Oct 3 and Oct 4 are scored from both, so its line changes meaning there.

Scorecard

Each forecast set against the NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM), the national reference, at the same places, figure by figure and by how many hours ahead it was made. A blue dot is closer than the NBM, a red one further, a gray one level; the larger the dot, the larger the gap. Point to one for both misses.

Each forecast against the NBM, October 16, 2026: how much closer (+) or further (-) its mean miss was, by figure and hours ahead
ForecastTemperatureDew pointWindSky cover
1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All
Storm Stationat the 70 airports-1%+0.5%0%-0.5%-0.4%-1.6%-1.5%0%-2%-1.3%+0.9%+1.5%+1.5%+2.9%+1.7%+0.4%+1%-0.2%+0.4%+0.4%
National Weather Service forecastat the 70 airports-3%-4.4%-5.3%-2.3%-3.7%-9%-4.1%-2.5%-9.8%-6.5%+1.2%+1.2%+1.2%+2.3%+1.5%+12.2%+7.3%+1.6%+2.5%+5.8%
NOAA GFSat the 70 airports-11.6%-9.7%-11.7%-12.2%-11.3%-69.7%-68.9%-65.5%-62.9%-66.5%-5.3%-5.1%-6%-4.1%-5.1%-6.6%-8.4%-9.8%-9.8%-8.7%
NOAA HRRRat the 70 airports-22.6%-27.7%-33.5%-40.4%-30.6%-36.2%-46.9%-46.5%-52.7%-43.3%+1.5%+4.8%+5.4%+4.7%+3.9%-15.5%-19%-20.4%-13.6%-15.1%
NOAA NAMat the 70 airports-27.1%-31.6%-30.6%-34.7%-30.4%-49.5%-34.7%-32%-38%-35.7%+0.9%+2.1%+2.4%+3.5%+1.9%-23.4%-21.7%-25.8%-26.2%-22.4%
ECMWF IFSat the 70 airports-14.6%-14.1%-12.6%-13.6%-13.6%-11.2%-13.8%-15.5%-15.6%-13.8%-12.4%-10%-9%-7.3%-9.5%+0.8%-1.4%-9.2%-3.2%-3.1%
ECMWF AIFSat the 70 airports+2.5%+4.4%+3.9%+5.2%+4.1%-4.8%-5.6%-3%-1%-3.3%-12.1%-9.4%-9.6%-7.9%-9.6%+21.4%+21%+16.6%+18.9%+19.5%
Storm Station correctionat every airfield-1.7%-1.7%-1.3%-1.2%-1.7%0%-1.3%-1.3%-0.9%-0.4%+4.8%+4.7%+4.9%+5.2%+5%+18.5%+20.2%+20.9%+19.5%+19.8%
  • 10% or more closer
  • 5 to 10% closer
  • 1 to 5% closer
  • level
  • 1 to 5% further
  • 5 to 10% further
  • 10% or more further

How the engine works

Everything the engine reads, and what happens to it. Readings are checked against the stations around them before they count. The forecast is served on every page, scored the next day against what happened, and every large miss is explained. What it learns becomes a challenger, and replaces the lead only when it wins over 14 days by a margin the test says is not luck. The counts are October 16, 2026’s.

How the Storm Station forecast engine works, with the counts of October 16, 2026: what it measures and reads, how readings are checked, how its forecast is served, scored the next day, explained, learned from, and changed only by testMeasured and forecastChecked and servedScoredLearnedAirfield reportsevery hour, every airportWeather stationsevery open network heardRadarevery few minutesRain and hail analysisradars and gauges, every hourNOAA National Blend of ModelsNBM, four cycles a dayNational Weather Service forecastcompared every dayNOAA and ECMWF modelsGFS, HRRR, NAM, IFS, AIFS: comparedChecked117,797 readings, 203 set asideWhat happened24 of 24 hours, hour by hourStorm Station engineevery input, each place, each hourServedevery page, card and answerScored the next day3,643,438 forecast hoursEach large miss explained542 over 10 F, who was wrongLearned36,633 figures, 19 days keptChallengerscored beside the leadPromoted by test14 days, under 5 in 100 by chance
  1. Measured

    • Airfield reports every hour, every airport
    • Weather stations every open network heard
    • Radar every few minutes
    • Rain and hail analysis radars and gauges, every hour
  2. Forecast

    • NOAA National Blend of Models NBM, four cycles a day
    • National Weather Service forecast compared every day
    • NOAA and ECMWF models GFS, HRRR, NAM, IFS, AIFS: compared
    • Storm Station engine every input, each place, each hour
    • Served every page, card and answer
  3. Checked

    • Checked 117,797 readings, 203 set aside
    • What happened 24 of 24 hours, hour by hour
  4. Scored

    • Scored the next day 3,643,438 forecast hours
    • Each large miss explained 542 over 10 F, who was wrong
  5. Learned

    • Learned 36,633 figures, 19 days kept
    • Challenger scored beside the lead
    • Promoted by test 14 days, under 5 in 100 by chance

The targets

Storm Station sets out to be closer than the NBM, the strongest forecast the country publishes, on every figure. A target counts as reached only when it is ahead over 14 days or more by a margin the test says is not luck. Today’s standing, at the same airports:

  1. T1Temperature closer than the NBMStorm Station 2.07 F, the NBM 2.06 FBehind today by 0.01 F
  2. T2Dew point closer than the NBMStorm Station 2.00 F, the NBM 1.98 FBehind today by 0.03 F
  3. T3Wind closer than the NBMStorm Station 3.27 mph, the NBM 3.32 mphAhead today by 0.06 mph
  4. T4Sky cover closer than the NBMStorm Station 20.66 points, the NBM 20.74 pointsAhead today by 0.08 points
  5. T4Sky cover as the airport reports it: in its category more often than the NBMStorm Station 48 in 100 hours, the NBM 48; off by 0.64 categories, the NBM 0.64Level today
  6. T5An honest band: 66 to 70 in 100 readings inside it72 in 100 for temperature; the NBM 55Too wide today
  7. T6Rain chance: more skill than the NBMskill 0.39 against 0.41, 1 to 6 hours aheadBehind today by 0.01
  8. T7Rain amount: a higher threat score than the NBM0.27 against 0.28 at 0.01 inchBehind today by 0.01
  9. T8The first six hours: closer than the NBM and than the last reading carried forwardStorm Station 2.01 F, the NBM 2.01 F, the last reading carried forward 4.60 F, temperature 1 to 6 hours aheadLevel today

Every day scored

The NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield, scored on the same hours, which is the evidence the correction is tested on; how often the temperature forecast came within 5 F; and how many misses of more than 10 F each day had. The table holds every day; choose one for its own page.

Temperature, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the temperature, F, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield01234Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16CorrectionNBM
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Wind, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the wind, mph, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield01234Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Dew point, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the dew point, F, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield0123Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16CorrectionNBM
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Sky cover, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the sky cover, points, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield010203040Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Temperature, hours within 5 F, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

The share of hours each temperature forecast was within 5 F, each day scored80%85%90%95%100%Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Misses of more than 10 F

Misses of more than 10 F each day scored05001,0001,500Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16Misses
Misses
Every day scored, over all hours ahead
DayHoursStorm Station, temperatureBlend, temperatureWithin 5 FStorm Station, windBlend, windRain skill, 1 to 6 hMisses over 10 FReadings that failed
October 16, 2026242.1 F2.4 F95 in 1003.3 mph3.2 mph0.39542203
October 15, 2026242.1 F2.4 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.47572124
October 14, 2026242.4 F2.6 F91 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.361,142133
October 13, 2026242.2 F2.4 F93 in 1002.5 mph2.5 mph0.321,229139
October 12, 2026242.2 F2.3 F92 in 1002.7 mph2.8 mph0.38871141
October 11, 2026242.3 F2.5 F92 in 1003.0 mph3.0 mph0.48581156
October 10, 2026242.4 F2.6 F89 in 1003.1 mph3.2 mph0.46889243
October 9, 2026242.2 F2.5 F93 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.46746380
October 8, 2026242.1 F2.5 F94 in 1002.4 mph2.3 mph0.39575323
October 7, 2026242.2 F2.6 F94 in 1002.5 mph2.3 mph0.33659262
October 6, 2026242.0 F2.5 F95 in 1002.4 mph2.5 mph0.34518302
October 5, 2026242.2 F2.5 F94 in 1002.6 mph2.5 mph0.41539303
October 4, 2026242.2 F2.5 F93 in 1002.3 mph2.4 mph0.34507244
October 3, 2026242.3 F2.4 F92 in 1002.3 mph2.5 mph0.24505246
October 2, 2026242.1 F2.3 F92 in 1002.4 mph2.6 mph0.39376219
October 1, 2026241.9 F2.3 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.44500169
September 30, 2026242.1 F2.3 F94 in 1002.4 mph2.5 mph0.44364191
September 29, 2026241.9 F2.3 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.5 mph0.38388154
September 28, 2026242.4 F2.4 F91 in 1002.4 mph2.4 mph-421171

October 16, 2026, in depth

How far ahead the forecast was made

A forecast made an hour ahead should come closer than one made a day ahead. Each point is the mean miss of the forecasts made that far ahead.

Temperature

Mean miss of each forecast of the temperature by how far ahead it was made, October 16, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hHRRRNAMCorrectionNBMECMWF IFSGFSNWS forecastStorm StationECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Wind

Mean miss of each forecast of the wind by how far ahead it was made, October 16, 202602461 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hECMWF AIFSECMWF IFSGFSNWS forecastStorm StationNBMNAMHRRRCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Dew point

Mean miss of each forecast of the dew point by how far ahead it was made, October 16, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hGFSHRRRNAMECMWF IFSCorrectionNBMNWS forecastStorm StationECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Sky cover

Mean miss of each forecast of the sky cover by how far ahead it was made, October 16, 20260102030401 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hNAMHRRRNBMGFSECMWF IFSStorm StationNWS forecastCorrectionECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Which way each forecast missed

A bar to the right ran high, warm or strong; to the left, low, cool or light. A forecast that runs one way day after day is the easiest to correct, and the correction learns it.

Temperature

Which way each forecast of the temperature ran, on averagecoolwarmNBM0.4 F coolStorm Station0.4 F coolNWS forecast0.6 F coolGFS0.3 F coolHRRR1.2 F coolNAM0.5 F coolECMWF IFS0.1 F coolECMWF AIFS0.6 F coolCorrection0.6 F cool

Wind

Which way each forecast of the wind ran, on averagelightstrongNBM1.1 mph strongStorm Station1.4 mph strongNWS forecast1.3 mph strongGFS0.2 mph strongHRRR0.8 mph lightNAM0.5 mph lightECMWF IFS1.3 mph lightECMWF AIFS1.3 mph lightCorrection0.7 mph strong

Dew point

Which way each forecast of the dew point ran, on averagedrymoistNBM0.2 F dryStorm Station0.2 F dryNWS forecastevenGFS2.5 F dryHRRR0.6 F dryNAM1.0 F moistECMWF IFS0.1 F dryECMWF AIFS0.1 F moistCorrection0.7 F dry

Sky cover

Which way each forecast of the sky cover ran, on averageclearcloudyNBM18.1 points clearStorm Station16.4 points clearNWS forecast13.5 points clearGFS9.2 points clearHRRR4.3 points clearNAM14.7 points clearECMWF IFS14.1 points clearECMWF AIFS11.0 points clearCorrection2.6 points clear

Closest

The 12 airfields the temperature forecast came closest at, of those with 12 hours or more
AirfieldStateMean missRanHoursMisses over 10 F, who was wrong
PGSN-0.6 F0.3 F cool96-
KCUB Jim Hamilton L.B. Owens AirportSC0.6 F0.2 F cool100-
KMIA Miami International AirportFL0.6 F0.1 F warm100-
PAGM Gambell AirportAK0.7 F0.4 F warm96-
KHBI Asheboro Regional AirportNC0.7 F0.2 F cool37-
PATE Teller AirportAK0.7 F0.1 F warm100-
TIST-0.7 Feven100-
PALU Cape Lisburne LRRS AirportAK0.7 F0.3 F warm100-
KCCO Newnan Coweta County AirportGA0.7 F0.2 F warm83-
KEYW Key West International AirportFL0.7 F0.3 F cool100-
PANI Aniak AirportAK0.7 Feven96-
KO61-0.7 F0.3 F warm12-

Furthest

The 12 airfields it missed most at, and who was wrong in its misses over 10 F
AirfieldStateMean missRanHoursMisses over 10 F, who was wrong
KC99-24.0 F24.0 F warm17the forecast, at this station 4
KGVW-15.4 F15.4 F cool100the forecast, at this station 24
KLGD La Grande/Union County AirportOR9.5 F4.2 F cool88the forecast, at this station 6, the station 3
KEKS Ennis Big Sky AirportMT8.7 F6.4 F warm95the forecast, at this station 15
KO26 Lone Pine/Death Valley AirportCA8.0 F8.0 F cool83-
KTVL Lake Tahoe AirportCA7.8 F7.7 F cool100the forecast, at this station 2
KTSP Tehachapi Municipal AirportCA7.7 F7.7 F cool54-
K0S9 Jefferson County International AirportWA7.5 F7.5 F warm83the forecast, at this station 7
KAJO Corona Municipal AirportCA7.1 F7.1 F cool91-
PAIK Bob Baker Memorial AirportAK7.1 F7.1 F cool100the forecast, at this station 1
KBUR Hollywood Burbank/Bob Hope AirportCA7.0 F7.0 F cool100the forecast, at this station 7
KGCD Grant County Regional Airport / Ogilvie FieldOR6.8 F6.8 F cool96cannot be told 2, the station 1

Why the large misses happened

Every miss of more than 10 F is looked at against the stations around it, to say whether the forecast was wrong or the instrument was.

  • The station21The reading failed its check against its neighbours: the station was wrong, not the forecast.
  • The forecast, across the area12Most of the stations around it were missed the same way.
  • The forecast, at this station379Its neighbours were forecast well: its ground, its siting or a boundary the forecast did not place.
  • Cannot be told130Too few stations stand near it to say which was wrong.
The 200 largest misses of October 16, 2026
AirfieldHourSaidReadOff byIts neighboursHours aheadWho was wrong
KM2111 UTC62 F-35.7 F97.7 F high67.8 F5The station
TJIG23 UTC82 F32.0 F50.0 F high82.0 F5The station
KGVW09 UTC46 F80.6 F34.6 F low73.1 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW10 UTC46 F80.6 F34.6 F low73.1 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW08 UTC48 F82.4 F34.4 F low73.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KGVW11 UTC45 F78.8 F33.8 F low74.2 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW07 UTC49 F82.4 F33.4 F low75.8 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW13 UTC44 F77.0 F33.0 F low74.7 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW14 UTC47 F78.8 F31.8 F low74.9 F2The forecast, at this station
KC9900 UTC58 F26.6 F31.4 F high32.1 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW05 UTC52 F82.4 F30.4 F low77.8 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW06 UTC52 F82.4 F30.4 F low76.4 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW12 UTC45 F75.2 F30.2 F low73.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW04 UTC53 F82.4 F29.4 F low76.7 F4The forecast, at this station
KC9901 UTC55 F26.1 F28.9 F high28.5 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW15 UTC50 F78.8 F28.8 F low74.9 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW03 UTC54 F82.4 F28.4 F low77.8 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW16 UTC51 F78.8 F27.8 F low73.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW17 UTC52 F78.8 F26.8 F low73.1 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW02 UTC54 F80.6 F26.6 F low78.5 F2The forecast, at this station
KGVW23 UTC51 F77.0 F26.0 F low72.7 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW01 UTC55 F80.6 F25.6 F low80.6 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW00 UTC57 F82.4 F25.4 F low81.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW21 UTC52 F77.0 F25.0 F low77.8 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW22 UTC52 F77.0 F25.0 F low74.9 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW20 UTC52 F75.2 F23.2 F low77.8 F2The forecast, at this station
KGVW18 UTC53 F75.2 F22.2 F low76.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW19 UTC52 F73.4 F21.4 F low76.7 F1The forecast, at this station
KEKS14 UTC47 F26.6 F20.4 F high23.2 F2The forecast, at this station
KHAF15 UTC59 F78.8 F19.8 F low54.4 F3The station
KEKS11 UTC46 F26.6 F19.4 F high25.1 F5The forecast, at this station
KEKS12 UTC46 F26.6 F19.4 F high25.0 F6The forecast, at this station
KLLR20 UTC67 F86.0 F19.0 F low-2Cannot be told
KLLR21 UTC67 F86.0 F19.0 F low-3Cannot be told
KEKS13 UTC47 F28.4 F18.6 F high24.7 F1The forecast, at this station
KIWA20 UTC82 F100.4 F18.4 F low83.2 F2The station
KLGD13 UTC42 F60.1 F18.1 F low40.6 F1The forecast, at this station
KLLR19 UTC68 F86.0 F18.0 F low-1Cannot be told
KEKS15 UTC48 F30.2 F17.8 F high27.7 F3The forecast, at this station
KEKS07 UTC46 F28.4 F17.6 F high30.4 F1The forecast, at this station
KMZJ20 UTC67 F84.2 F17.2 F low81.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KTVL10 UTC38 F55.0 F17.0 F low37.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KLGD14 UTC41 F57.9 F16.9 F low38.5 F2The forecast, at this station
KEKS05 UTC47 F30.2 F16.8 F high31.9 F5The forecast, at this station
KEKS08 UTC47 F30.2 F16.8 F high29.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KSUU13 UTC60 F43.2 F16.8 F high53.2 F1The forecast, at this station
K6S201 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low76.8 F1The forecast, at this station
KLLR23 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low-5Cannot be told
KMZJ18 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low78.7 F6The forecast, at this station
KMZJ19 UTC66 F82.4 F16.4 F low80.5 F1The forecast, at this station
KLLR22 UTC68 F84.2 F16.2 F low-4Cannot be told
KMZJ21 UTC68 F84.2 F16.2 F low82.1 F3The forecast, at this station
KMZJ22 UTC68 F84.2 F16.2 F low82.3 F4The forecast, at this station
KEKS03 UTC48 F32.0 F16.0 F high34.9 F3The forecast, at this station
KEKS06 UTC46 F30.2 F15.8 F high30.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KEKS09 UTC46 F30.2 F15.8 F high25.6 F3The forecast, at this station
KEKS10 UTC46 F30.2 F15.8 F high26.8 F4The forecast, at this station
KRHV22 UTC91 F75.2 F15.8 F high85.8 F4The forecast, at this station
KAPY22 UTC79 F63.5 F15.5 F high-4Cannot be told
K0S912 UTC51 F35.6 F15.4 F high46.8 F6The forecast, at this station
KEKS02 UTC51 F35.6 F15.4 F high38.7 F2The forecast, at this station
KTMT07 UTC34 F49.1 F15.1 F low-1Cannot be told
KEKS04 UTC47 F32.0 F15.0 F high35.1 F4The forecast, at this station
KJAQ14 UTC62 F77.0 F15.0 F low56.5 F2The forecast, at this station
KLGD15 UTC44 F59.0 F15.0 F low41.1 F3The forecast, at this station
KMVY01 UTC49 F34.0 F15.0 F high43.0 F1The forecast, at this station
KC9916 UTC46 F31.1 F14.9 F high36.7 F4The forecast, at this station
KLGD11 UTC43 F57.9 F14.9 F low39.5 F5The station
KSUU02 UTC79 F64.2 F14.8 F high74.6 F2The forecast, at this station
K0S910 UTC52 F37.4 F14.6 F high47.8 F4The forecast, at this station
K0S911 UTC52 F37.4 F14.6 F high46.7 F5The forecast, at this station
KMZJ23 UTC68 F82.4 F14.4 F low81.4 F5The forecast, at this station
K0S914 UTC50 F35.6 F14.4 F high46.0 F2The forecast, at this station
K6S200 UTC70 F84.2 F14.2 F low80.4 F6The forecast, at this station
KAPY21 UTC80 F65.8 F14.2 F high-3Cannot be told
KBNO05 UTC45 F30.9 F14.1 F high-5Cannot be told
KBNO03 UTC51 F37.0 F14.0 F high-15Cannot be told
KBNO04 UTC50 F36.0 F14.0 F high-16Cannot be told
KHAF16 UTC63 F77.0 F14.0 F low63.0 F4The station
KLGD10 UTC43 F57.0 F14.0 F low41.5 F4The forecast, at this station
KLGD12 UTC43 F57.0 F14.0 F low38.1 F6The station
KLLR01 UTC63 F77.0 F14.0 F low-1Cannot be told
KMVY02 UTC48 F34.0 F14.0 F high41.0 F2The forecast, at this station
KMVY03 UTC48 F34.0 F14.0 F high40.8 F3The forecast, at this station
KMVY04 UTC48 F34.0 F14.0 F high43.4 F4The forecast, at this station
KO6914 UTC55 F41.0 F14.0 F high51.1 F2The forecast, at this station
KOVE07 UTC68 F82.0 F14.0 F low65.7 F1The forecast, at this station
KRDM11 UTC39 F25.0 F14.0 F high37.0 F5The forecast, at this station
KSIY05 UTC62 F48.0 F14.0 F high53.8 F5The forecast, at this station
KSNT18 UTC55 F41.0 F14.0 F high-6Cannot be told
KWVI00 UTC76 F90.0 F14.0 F low82.2 F6The forecast, at this station
KBNO08 UTC40 F26.1 F13.9 F high-2Cannot be told
KLGD09 UTC44 F57.9 F13.9 F low41.5 F3The station
KVCB12 UTC65 F51.1 F13.9 F high51.8 F6The forecast, at this station
K0S909 UTC53 F39.2 F13.8 F high48.2 F3The forecast, at this station
KCBE15 UTC75 F61.3 F13.7 F high73.7 F3The forecast, at this station
K0S913 UTC51 F37.4 F13.6 F high47.0 F1The forecast, at this station
KMWN16 UTC31 F44.6 F13.6 F low-4Cannot be told
KSUU06 UTC67 F53.4 F13.6 F high62.2 F6The forecast, at this station
KTMT06 UTC36 F49.6 F13.6 F low-6Cannot be told
KO6913 UTC56 F42.8 F13.2 F high53.8 F1The forecast, at this station
KDLO10 UTC60 F46.9 F13.1 F high54.4 F22The forecast, at this station
KNKX05 UTC71 F57.9 F13.1 F high72.2 F5The forecast, at this station
KNRA07 UTC51 F37.9 F13.1 F high49.4 F1The station
KSUU14 UTC60 F46.9 F13.1 F high51.3 F2The forecast, at this station
KBUR06 UTC74 F87.1 F13.1 F low74.0 F6The forecast, at this station
KOVE04 UTC74 F87.1 F13.1 F low71.2 F4The forecast, at this station
KAAT08 UTC45 F32.0 F13.0 F high-20Cannot be told
KAAT09 UTC43 F30.0 F13.0 F high-21Cannot be told
KBNO10 UTC41 F28.0 F13.0 F high-22Cannot be told
KBUR07 UTC73 F86.0 F13.0 F low72.2 F1The forecast, at this station
KBUR10 UTC71 F84.0 F13.0 F low76.3 F4The forecast, at this station
KEKS01 UTC54 F41.0 F13.0 F high43.7 F1The forecast, at this station
KLGD06 UTC50 F37.0 F13.0 F high40.0 F18The forecast, at this station
KMWN15 UTC28 F41.0 F13.0 F low-3Cannot be told
KMZJ16 UTC64 F77.0 F13.0 F low74.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KOKB10 UTC70 F57.0 F13.0 F high78.2 F4The forecast, at this station
KOVE06 UTC71 F84.0 F13.0 F low67.5 F6The forecast, at this station
KRDM13 UTC38 F25.0 F13.0 F high35.2 F1The forecast, at this station
KS3914 UTC37 F50.0 F13.0 F low30.7 F2The station
KTVL07 UTC42 F55.0 F13.0 F low41.6 F1The forecast, at this station
KVCB05 UTC74 F61.0 F13.0 F high61.9 F5The forecast, at this station
KVUO08 UTC61 F48.0 F13.0 F high53.7 F2The forecast, at this station
KBUR08 UTC72 F84.9 F12.9 F low70.9 F2The forecast, at this station
KBUR11 UTC70 F82.9 F12.9 F low76.6 F5The forecast, at this station
KSXT16 UTC52 F64.9 F12.9 F low-4Cannot be told
PAKP18 UTC21 F8.1 F12.9 F high-6Cannot be told
KBNO02 UTC57 F44.1 F12.9 F high-14Cannot be told
KVCB11 UTC66 F53.1 F12.9 F high53.3 F5The forecast, at this station
K0S908 UTC52 F39.2 F12.8 F high48.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KCID20 UTC52 F39.2 F12.8 F high51.6 F2The station
KMMH04 UTC52 F39.2 F12.8 F high-16Cannot be told
KMZJ17 UTC66 F78.8 F12.8 F low76.7 F5The forecast, at this station
KSUU11 UTC61 F48.2 F12.8 F high54.2 F5The forecast, at this station
KSUU05 UTC69 F56.3 F12.7 F high62.4 F5The forecast, at this station
KTMT08 UTC31 F43.7 F12.7 F low-2Cannot be told
K4S100 UTC59 F71.6 F12.6 F low82.4 F6Cannot be told
KAPY23 UTC78 F65.5 F12.5 F high-5Cannot be told
KGCD14 UTC38 F50.5 F12.5 F low-2Cannot be told
KSUU10 UTC62 F49.5 F12.5 F high55.5 F4The forecast, at this station
KMZJ15 UTC61 F73.4 F12.4 F low73.1 F3The forecast, at this station
KVBG13 UTC63 F75.4 F12.4 F low54.5 F1The station
KCBE14 UTC71 F58.6 F12.4 F high69.3 F2The forecast, at this station
KSUU12 UTC61 F48.6 F12.4 F high53.0 F6The forecast, at this station
KSUU15 UTC61 F48.6 F12.4 F high53.6 F3The forecast, at this station
KAPY20 UTC81 F68.7 F12.3 F high-2Cannot be told
KDLO05 UTC67 F54.7 F12.3 F high65.7 F17The forecast, at this station
KGCD06 UTC44 F56.3 F12.3 F low-6Cannot be told
KGCD08 UTC40 F52.3 F12.3 F low-2The station
KAUN14 UTC63 F75.2 F12.2 F low50.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KAUN15 UTC63 F75.2 F12.2 F low51.6 F3The forecast, at this station
KDLO11 UTC59 F46.8 F12.2 F high51.9 F23The forecast, at this station
KO2208 UTC64 F51.8 F12.2 F high61.6 F2The forecast, at this station
KO2209 UTC64 F51.8 F12.2 F high50.9 F3The forecast, at this station
KO2211 UTC63 F75.2 F12.2 F low48.2 F5The forecast, at this station
KSZT07 UTC46 F33.8 F12.2 F high45.5 F19The forecast, at this station
KAAT10 UTC41 F28.9 F12.1 F high-22Cannot be told
KASE18 UTC59 F46.9 F12.1 F high44.5 F6The forecast, at this station
KBIH15 UTC50 F37.9 F12.1 F high-3Cannot be told
KKLS15 UTC52 F39.9 F12.1 F high45.1 F3The forecast, at this station
KLGD16 UTC50 F62.1 F12.1 F low52.0 F4The forecast, at this station
KNLC09 UTC61 F48.9 F12.1 F high54.1 F21The forecast, at this station
KOKB09 UTC70 F57.9 F12.1 F high80.4 F3The station
KOKB11 UTC70 F57.9 F12.1 F high77.9 F5The forecast, at this station
KSNT19 UTC61 F48.9 F12.1 F high-1Cannot be told
KSXT15 UTC50 F62.1 F12.1 F low-3Cannot be told
KVUO09 UTC59 F46.9 F12.1 F high50.9 F3The forecast, at this station
PAIK12 UTC14 F26.1 F12.1 F low27.5 F6The forecast, at this station
KIPL05 UTC79 F66.9 F12.1 F high80.7 F17The station
KVBG23 UTC80 F92.1 F12.1 F low89.2 F5The forecast, at this station
KADF13 UTC54 F66.0 F12.0 F low62.3 F1The forecast, across the area
KASE16 UTC49 F37.0 F12.0 F high33.5 F4The forecast, at this station
KASE17 UTC55 F43.0 F12.0 F high39.4 F5The forecast, at this station
KBIH09 UTC51 F39.0 F12.0 F high-21Cannot be told
KBIH11 UTC48 F36.0 F12.0 F high-23Cannot be told
KBKE03 UTC51 F39.0 F12.0 F high-15Cannot be told
KBUR09 UTC72 F84.0 F12.0 F low74.9 F3The forecast, at this station
KBUR12 UTC70 F82.0 F12.0 F low77.4 F6The forecast, at this station
KC9915 UTC40 F28.0 F12.0 F high34.9 F3The forecast, at this station
KCYS19 UTC60 F48.0 F12.0 F high46.0 F7The forecast, at this station
KCYS20 UTC62 F50.0 F12.0 F high49.6 F8The forecast, at this station
KDUC00 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high60.3 F24The forecast, at this station
KHJO02 UTC78 F66.0 F12.0 F high71.3 F14The forecast, at this station
KKLS08 UTC60 F48.0 F12.0 F high51.4 F20The forecast, at this station
KKLS13 UTC53 F41.0 F12.0 F high46.3 F1The forecast, at this station
KLAW00 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high60.1 F24The forecast, across the area
KMSO17 UTC48 F36.0 F12.0 F high42.5 F5Cannot be told
KMWL00 UTC78 F66.0 F12.0 F high70.1 F18The forecast, at this station
KNRA08 UTC51 F39.0 F12.0 F high48.1 F2The forecast, at this station
KNRA09 UTC51 F39.0 F12.0 F high47.6 F3The forecast, at this station
KPSC13 UTC44 F32.0 F12.0 F high38.7 F25The forecast, at this station
KPVC02 UTC51 F39.0 F12.0 F high41.2 F2The forecast, at this station
KRDM12 UTC39 F27.0 F12.0 F high36.1 F6The forecast, at this station
KS3913 UTC38 F50.0 F12.0 F low30.4 F1The forecast, at this station
KSIY10 UTC51 F39.0 F12.0 F high42.8 F22The forecast, at this station
KSIY11 UTC49 F37.0 F12.0 F high42.1 F23The forecast, at this station
KSNT16 UTC40 F28.0 F12.0 F high-4Cannot be told
KSXT17 UTC56 F68.0 F12.0 F low-5Cannot be told
KVCB04 UTC76 F64.0 F12.0 F high67.7 F4The forecast, at this station
KVUO10 UTC60 F48.0 F12.0 F high50.9 F22The forecast, at this station

Which forecast leads

The Storm Station correction is scored beside the NBM every day, with only what was known before that day. It takes the lead for a figure only when the Diebold and Mariano test, over at least 14 days, finds it better with less than a 5 in 100 chance of luck. Sky cover must also be better in the category the airport reports, over 14 days of those from October 11. Until then the NBM leads.

  • Temperature NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)19 days scored, gain 0.04 F a day, chance of luck 0.296
  • Dew point NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)19 days scored, gain 0.04 F a day, chance of luck 0.081
  • Wind NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)19 days scored, gain 0.02 mph a day, chance of luck 0.286
  • Sky cover NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)18 days scored, gain 2.75 points a day, chance of luck 0.001

The forecast every page prints, every answer of the API gives and every site that reads the engine shows takes each station’s habit out of a figure, in part, only where two tests have both passed over at least 14 days: the correction against the NBM at every airfield, and the forecast made with it against the same forecast made without it at the 70 airports, the two recorded side by side at every issue. Sky cover must pass both in the category the airport reports as well.

  • Temperature As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 0.09 F a day, chance of luck 0.023; the 70 airports no days yet
  • Dew point As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 0.10 F a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yet
  • Wind As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 0.06 mph a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yet
  • Sky cover As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 3.84 points a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yetIn the category the airport reports: every airfield 6 days, gain 11.2 in 100 hours a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yet

The full figures, October 16, 2026

Temperature

Mean miss, F, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.32.32.42.42.4-0.455%237,143
Storm Station correction2.32.42.42.52.4-0.672%237,143
National Weather Service forecast2.02.12.22.22.1-0.6-6,987
NOAA GFS2.22.32.32.42.3-0.3-6,987
NOAA HRRR2.42.62.83.02.7-1.2-6,687
NOAA NAM2.52.72.72.92.7-0.5-6,687
ECMWF IFS2.32.42.32.42.3-0.1-2,240
ECMWF AIFS1.92.02.02.02.0-0.6-1,120
Storm Station lead2.02.02.12.12.1-0.464%6,987
NBM, at the 70 airports2.02.12.12.12.1-0.563%6,987
Correction, at the 70 airports2.02.02.02.12.0-0.276%6,987

Dew point

Mean miss, F, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.22.32.32.42.3-0.266%236,646
Storm Station correction2.22.32.32.42.3-0.773%236,646
National Weather Service forecast2.02.02.02.32.1+0.0-6,996
NOAA GFS3.23.33.33.33.3-2.5-6,996
NOAA HRRR2.62.92.93.12.9-0.6-6,696
NOAA NAM2.82.62.62.82.7+1.0-6,696
ECMWF IFS2.12.22.32.42.3-0.1-2,240
ECMWF AIFS2.02.12.12.12.0+0.1-1,120
Storm Station lead1.92.02.02.12.0-0.275%6,996
NBM, at the 70 airports1.92.02.02.02.0-0.274%6,996
Correction, at the 70 airports2.02.12.12.12.1-0.676%6,996

Wind

Mean miss, mph, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)3.13.23.23.33.2+1.147%237,142
Storm Station correction3.03.03.13.13.1+0.770%237,142
National Weather Service forecast3.23.33.33.33.3+1.3-6,996
NOAA GFS3.43.53.53.53.5+0.2-6,996
NOAA HRRR3.23.13.23.33.2-0.8-6,696
NOAA NAM3.23.23.33.33.3-0.5-6,696
ECMWF IFS3.63.63.63.73.6-1.3-2,240
ECMWF AIFS3.63.63.73.73.6-1.3-1,120
Storm Station lead3.23.33.33.33.3+1.4-6,996
NBM, at the 70 airports3.23.33.33.43.3+1.547%6,995
Correction, at the 70 airports3.13.13.13.23.1+0.968%6,995

Sky cover

Mean miss, %, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)22.022.823.023.122.7-18.149%130,781
Storm Station correction17.918.218.218.618.2-2.684%130,781
National Weather Service forecast18.319.120.120.519.5-13.5-5,174
NOAA GFS22.222.422.423.122.5-9.2-5,174
NOAA HRRR24.124.624.523.924.3-4.3-4,894
NOAA NAM25.725.125.626.625.8-14.7-4,894
ECMWF IFS20.720.922.321.721.4-14.1-1,644
ECMWF AIFS16.416.317.017.116.7-11.0-808
Storm Station lead20.720.420.421.020.7-16.4-5,174
NBM, at the 70 airports20.820.620.421.020.7-16.553%5,175
Correction, at the 70 airports15.215.015.215.915.3-0.686%5,175

Rain

The chance of rain in each hour is scored by the Brier score: the mean square of the chance less what happened, 0 when it did not rain and 1 when it did. Lower is better; skill compares it with always forecasting how often it rained. The amount is scored at 0.01 and 0.10 inch by the equitable threat score, which gives no credit for hits chance would have made.

ForecastBrier, 1 to 6 hBrier, 7 to 12 hBrier, 13 to 18 hBrier, 19 to 25 hSkill, 1 to 6 hThreat score, 0.01 inThreat score, 0.10 in
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)0.0440.0460.0480.0490.390.270.17
Storm Station lead0.0370.0380.0420.0510.390.270.11
NBM, at the 70 airports0.0360.0370.0420.0420.410.280.13

Snow

The day’s new snow at every snow telemetry station, against the NBM’s 24 hour snow. A pillow’s rise counts as snow only when water came with it.

Stations scored
523
Where snow fell or was forecast
2
Mean miss, depth
1.0 in
Sensors set aside
0
New snow of at leastHitsMissesFalse alarmsThreat score
1 in0200.00
3 in000-
6 in000-

How it is scored

What happened. For each hour, each airfield’s routine report from 15 minutes before the hour to 5 minutes after. Rain in the hour counts only where the station has a working gauge; a station without one has no zero to give.

The check. Each reading is compared with the stations within 60 miles and 2,000 ft of its height, their readings carried to its height. One further from the middle of them than four times their spread, and never less than 10 F, fails, and is neither scored nor learned from. With too few neighbours, the analysis of record is the second opinion.

The scores. The mean miss, and whether a forecast ran warm or cold. A forecast that gives its own spread is also scored on its band: an honest band holds about 68 in 100 readings. Within 5 F, 5 mph or 25 points of sky cover is the share of hours that came that close. Units are F, miles an hour and per cent of the sky.

The forecasts. NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM): NOAA’s statistical blend of many models, for every airfield, four cycles a day. Storm Station correction: The NBM with each station’s own habit taken out, learned the day after. National Weather Service forecast: Each forecast office’s gridded forecast (the National Digital Forecast Database), as the weather cards read it. NOAA GFS: Global Forecast System, NOAA’s global model, at the 70 airports. NOAA HRRR: High-Resolution Rapid Refresh, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model, run every hour, at the 70 airports. NOAA NAM: North American Mesoscale model, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model over the lower 48, at the 70 airports. ECMWF IFS: Integrated Forecasting System, the European Centre’s global model, at the 70 airports. ECMWF AIFS: Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System, the European Centre’s AI model, at the 70 airports. NOAA GFS with HRRR: NOAA’s HRRR for the hours it reaches, laid over NOAA’s GFS, as one forecast, as the weather cards read it, at a panel of 70 airports. Storm Station lead: The engine’s own forecast from the NBM’s stations near each airport, as the cards print it; before 13 UTC Oct 3, the middle of the National Weather Service forecast and NOAA GFS with HRRR. NBM, at the 70 airports: The same NBM, scored only at the 70 airports the lead is scored at, so the two compare the same places. Correction, at the 70 airports: The Storm Station correction, scored only at the 70 airports the lead is scored at.

The same figures, as data: /api/accuracy, and the developer page for every field.