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Live/Forecast engine/October 15, 2026

Forecast engine

Storm Station’s own forecast, set every day beside NOAA’s National Blend of Models, the National Weather Service forecast, NOAA’s GFS, HRRR and NAM, and ECMWF’s IFS and AIFS, and scored against what the airfields reported, hour by hour. Who came closest, by how much, where, why, and how the engine learns from it. A reading is first checked against the stations around it, so a faulty instrument never counts against a forecast.

Where Storm Station came closer than the NBM

October 15, 2026, the latest day scored, every airfield against what it reported, hour by hour. For temperature, Storm Station came closer than the NBM at 936 airfields, was level at 532 and further at 1,030. Blue is closer, red further, gray level; the brighter the dot, the larger the gap. Scored each morning for the day before.

Every one of 2,370 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s temperature forecast came than the NBM on October 15, 2026: closer at 889, level at 506, further at 975; the 70 panel airports ringed. Chosen beside them, one family at a time, 2,260 stations of the Blend that are not airfields, squares shaded by how far the temperature forecast missed.

936 of 2,498 airfields closer than the NBM48 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 F or more396
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 F540
  3. level, within 0.1 F532
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 F593
  5. further by 0.5 F or more437

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 0 of 70, level at 64 and further at 6. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

1,919 fire weather stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.2 F on average

  1. within 2 F456
  2. 2 to 4 F1,017
  3. 4 F or more446

201 snow pillows scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 2.8 F on average

  1. within 2 F58
  2. 2 to 4 F117
  3. 4 F or more26

78 river and lake gauges scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 2.9 F on average

  1. within 2 F20
  2. 2 to 4 F44
  3. 4 F or more14

48 road stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.1 F on average

  1. within 2 F13
  2. 2 to 4 F25
  3. 4 F or more10

14 other stations scoredStorm Station’s temperature forecast off by 3.6 F on average

  1. within 2 F5
  2. 2 to 4 F5
  3. 4 F or more4

Each square a station of the Blend that is not an airfield, shaded by how far Storm Station’s temperature forecast missed it, averaged over the forecast hours scored; drawn and ranked where 24 or more were scored. Storm Station’s correction learns at each station from its first day scored, so at first it is the NBM’s own forecast.

Every one of 2,370 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s dew point forecast came than the NBM on October 15, 2026: closer at 755, level at 586, further at 1,029; the 70 panel airports ringed

795 of 2,499 airfields closer than the NBM42 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 F or more304
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 F491
  3. level, within 0.1 F615
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 F729
  5. further by 0.5 F or more360

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 1 of 70, level at 68 and further at 1. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

Every one of 2,375 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s wind forecast came than the NBM on October 15, 2026: closer at 797, level at 605, further at 973; the 70 panel airports ringed

859 of 2,512 airfields closer than the NBM46 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 0.5 mph or more315
  2. closer by 0.1 to 0.5 mph544
  3. level, within 0.1 mph632
  4. further by 0.1 to 0.5 mph741
  5. further by 0.5 mph or more280

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 13 of 70, level at 47 and further at 10. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

Every one of 1,987 airfields on the map of the country, coloured by how much closer or further Storm Station’s sky cover forecast came than the NBM on October 15, 2026: closer at 1,380, level at 247, further at 360; the 70 panel airports ringed

1,463 of 2,097 airfields closer than the NBM80 in 100 of those not level

  1. closer by 5 points or more1,034
  2. closer by 1 to 5 points429
  3. level, within 1 point259
  4. further by 1 to 5 points239
  5. further by 5 points or more136

At the 70 panel airports, ringed, Storm Station’s own forecast: closer at 3 of 66, level at 63 and further at 0. Elsewhere, its correction of the NBM, scored on the same hours. Point to an airfield for its figures; choose it for its page.

How close was Storm Station on October 15, 2026?

The temperature Storm Station forecast was off by 2.1 F on average, and within 5 F in 95 of every 100 hours. It ran 0.4 F cool.

Hours of reports
24 of 24
Temperature forecasts scored
238,483
Readings checked
118,362
Readings that failed
124
Misses over 10 F
572

Who came closest on October 15, 2026

Every forecast at the same 70 airports, every hour of the day, against what the airports reported. The bar is how much closer than the NBM each came, to the right, or further, to the left, over temperature, dew point, wind and sky cover together.

  1. 1Storm Station correctionThe NBM with each station’s habit taken out, learned the day after+7.0%Temperature2.0 FDew point1.9 FWind2.6 mphSky cover14.5 points
  2. 2Storm StationThe engine’s own forecast, as every page prints it+0.0%Temperature2.1 FDew point1.8 FWind2.5 mphSky cover19.5 points
  3. 3NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)NOAA’s statistical blend of many models, the national referenceReferenceTemperature2.1 FDew point1.8 FWind2.6 mphSky cover19.7 points
  4. 4National Weather Service forecastEach forecast office’s gridded forecast, the National Digital Forecast Database-1.9%Temperature2.1 FDew point1.9 FWind2.6 mphSky cover19.2 points
  5. 5ECMWF AIFSArtificial Intelligence Forecasting System, the European Centre’s AI model-3.1%Temperature1.9 FDew point2.0 FWind3.2 mphSky cover17.2 points
  6. 6ECMWF IFSIntegrated Forecasting System, the European Centre’s global model-11.4%Temperature2.3 FDew point2.1 FWind3.1 mphSky cover18.8 points
  7. 7NOAA HRRRHigh-Resolution Rapid Refresh, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model, run every hour-24.3%Temperature2.7 FDew point2.5 FWind3.1 mphSky cover21.2 points
  8. 8NOAA GFSGlobal Forecast System, NOAA’s global model-29.1%Temperature2.5 FDew point3.1 FWind2.9 mphSky cover22.4 points
  9. 9NOAA NAMNorth American Mesoscale model, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model over the lower 48-30.6%Temperature3.0 FDew point2.6 FWind2.9 mphSky cover24.7 points

Every forecast, every day

The mean miss of each forecast on each day scored, all at the same 70 airports, over every hour ahead. Lower is closer. Choose a figure; choose a forecast below to show or hide it. Point to a day for its figures.

Mean miss of every forecast of the temperature, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234FSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16GFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSGFSNWS forecastStorm StationNBMCorrectionAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the temperature, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234FSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16GFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSGFSNWS forecastStorm StationNBMCorrectionAIFS
Mean miss of every forecast of the dew point, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.0246FSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16GFSGFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSNWS forecastCorrectionAIFSStorm StationNBM
Mean miss of every forecast of the dew point, F, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.0246FSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16GFSGFS with HRRRHRRRNAMIFSNWS forecastCorrectionAIFSStorm StationNBM
Mean miss of every forecast of the wind, mph, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234mphSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16IFSAIFSGFSNBMNWS forecastStorm StationNAMHRRRCorrectionGFS with HRRR
Mean miss of every forecast of the wind, mph, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.1234mphSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16IFSAIFSGFSNBMNWS forecastStorm StationNAMHRRRCorrectionGFS with HRRR
Mean miss of every forecast of the sky cover, points, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.10203040pointsSep 29Oct 2Oct 5Oct 8Oct 11Oct 16GFS with HRRRNAMHRRRGFSIFSNBMStorm StationNWS forecastAIFSCorrection
Mean miss of every forecast of the sky cover, points, at the same 70 airports, each day scored from September 29, 2026 to October 16, 2026. Lower is closer.10203040pointsSep 29Oct 4Oct 9Oct 16GFS with HRRRNAMHRRRGFSIFSNBMStorm StationNWS forecastAIFSCorrection

What changed

  1. Oct 13 is the first day all eight of its forecasts carry the NBM on Storm Station’s own hours, and from it the targets for sky cover in its category and for the first six hours compare Storm Station with that NBM.
  2. From the forecasts of 07 UTC Oct 11, the NBM is also scored on Storm Station’s own hours: the cycle Storm Station was made from, counted from the same hour. Until then the NBM was scored only from its own cycle, an hour earlier.
  3. Oct 11 is the first day the first six hours are also scored against the last reading carried forward, the measure the first hours must beat (T8).
  4. Oct 11 is the first day sky cover is also scored as the airport reports it: each forecast’s cover put in the category the airport’s sensor would report, from clear to overcast, against the category it reported.
  5. From the forecasts of 13 UTC on, Storm Station is made from the NBM’s cycle of the hour before each forecast, the newest posted; until then it was made from the cycle of two hours before, while the NBM is scored from its own cycle of the hour.
  6. Oct 6 is the first day each of the five models is scored from all eight of the day’s forecasts, so each is ranked beside Storm Station.
  7. NOAA GFS with HRRR, the two models laid together as one forecast, retired. Its days are kept as scored.
  8. From the forecasts of Oct 5 on, the five models are read from NOAA’s and ECMWF’s own published runs.
  9. NOAA’s GFS, HRRR and NAM and ECMWF’s IFS and AIFS joined, each compared on its own, from the forecasts of 19 UTC. A day that holds a model from fewer forecasts than Storm Station sets it aside.
  10. Storm Station became the engine’s own forecast at the forecasts of 13 UTC; before them it was the middle of the National Weather Service forecast and NOAA GFS with HRRR. Oct 3 and Oct 4 are scored from both, so its line changes meaning there.

Scorecard

Each forecast set against the NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM), the national reference, at the same places, figure by figure and by how many hours ahead it was made. A blue dot is closer than the NBM, a red one further, a gray one level; the larger the dot, the larger the gap. Point to one for both misses.

Each forecast against the NBM, October 15, 2026: how much closer (+) or further (-) its mean miss was, by figure and hours ahead
ForecastTemperatureDew pointWindSky cover
1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All1 to 67 to 1213 to 1819 to 25All
Storm Stationat the 70 airports-0.9%+0.5%0%-1.9%-0.6%-1.8%-0.6%-0.6%-1%-1%+1.2%+1.2%+1.2%+0.4%+0.9%+0.1%-0.6%+1.4%+1.8%+0.7%
National Weather Service forecastat the 70 airports+4.3%+1.9%-1%-1.4%+0.8%-8.4%-9.7%-8.8%-6.8%-8.4%-1.2%-3.1%-3.1%-3%-2.7%+3.9%+4.4%+1.6%+0.6%+2.5%
NOAA GFSat the 70 airports-10%-14.6%-20.2%-20.2%-16.6%-76%-73.9%-77.9%-70.3%-74.3%-11.2%-11.4%-11.6%-10.6%-11.2%-17%-14.4%-14.6%-11.2%-14.2%
NOAA HRRRat the 70 airports-13.3%-19.2%-33.2%-42.3%-26.7%-45.5%-38.1%-44.2%-39.1%-40.2%-19.2%-16.5%-21.2%-20.9%-22.4%-9.3%-12.4%-5.6%-4.9%-7.8%
NOAA NAMat the 70 airports-19%-35.2%-48.1%-55.9%-39.1%-59.3%-46%-35.9%-34.4%-41.5%-10.4%-13%-10.8%-19.4%-16.4%-21.3%-26.7%-27.8%-26.3%-25.4%
ECMWF IFSat the 70 airports-4.3%-8.5%-13.9%-17.4%-11.1%-15.6%-11.4%-18.2%-22.4%-16.7%-25.2%-23.2%-20.1%-20.9%-22.1%+6.8%+7.4%+2.1%+1.2%+4.5%
ECMWF AIFSat the 70 airports+14.7%+13.1%+11.1%+10.8%+12.4%-16.2%-10.8%-11.6%-7.3%-10.9%-28.4%-28.3%-25.5%-24%-26.4%+14.1%+12.8%+10.7%+12.7%+12.7%
Storm Station correctionat every airfield-1.3%0%0%-0.8%-0.4%-0.5%-1%-0.9%-0.9%-0.9%-0.4%0%+0.8%+1.1%+0.4%+18.8%+20.5%+22.1%+20.4%+20.5%
  • 10% or more closer
  • 5 to 10% closer
  • 1 to 5% closer
  • level
  • 1 to 5% further
  • 5 to 10% further
  • 10% or more further

How the engine works

Everything the engine reads, and what happens to it. Readings are checked against the stations around them before they count. The forecast is served on every page, scored the next day against what happened, and every large miss is explained. What it learns becomes a challenger, and replaces the lead only when it wins over 14 days by a margin the test says is not luck. The counts are October 15, 2026’s.

How the Storm Station forecast engine works, with the counts of October 15, 2026: what it measures and reads, how readings are checked, how its forecast is served, scored the next day, explained, learned from, and changed only by testMeasured and forecastChecked and servedScoredLearnedAirfield reportsevery hour, every airportWeather stationsevery open network heardRadarevery few minutesRain and hail analysisradars and gauges, every hourNOAA National Blend of ModelsNBM, four cycles a dayNational Weather Service forecastcompared every dayNOAA and ECMWF modelsGFS, HRRR, NAM, IFS, AIFS: comparedChecked118,362 readings, 124 set asideWhat happened24 of 24 hours, hour by hourStorm Station engineevery input, each place, each hourServedevery page, card and answerScored the next day3,680,472 forecast hoursEach large miss explained572 over 10 F, who was wrongLearned36,740 figures, 19 days keptChallengerscored beside the leadPromoted by test14 days, under 5 in 100 by chance
  1. Measured

    • Airfield reports every hour, every airport
    • Weather stations every open network heard
    • Radar every few minutes
    • Rain and hail analysis radars and gauges, every hour
  2. Forecast

    • NOAA National Blend of Models NBM, four cycles a day
    • National Weather Service forecast compared every day
    • NOAA and ECMWF models GFS, HRRR, NAM, IFS, AIFS: compared
    • Storm Station engine every input, each place, each hour
    • Served every page, card and answer
  3. Checked

    • Checked 118,362 readings, 124 set aside
    • What happened 24 of 24 hours, hour by hour
  4. Scored

    • Scored the next day 3,680,472 forecast hours
    • Each large miss explained 572 over 10 F, who was wrong
  5. Learned

    • Learned 36,740 figures, 19 days kept
    • Challenger scored beside the lead
    • Promoted by test 14 days, under 5 in 100 by chance

The targets

Storm Station sets out to be closer than the NBM, the strongest forecast the country publishes, on every figure. A target counts as reached only when it is ahead over 14 days or more by a margin the test says is not luck. Today’s standing, at the same airports:

  1. T1Temperature closer than the NBMStorm Station 2.12 F, the NBM 2.11 FBehind today by 0.01 F
  2. T2Dew point closer than the NBMStorm Station 1.81 F, the NBM 1.80 FBehind today by 0.02 F
  3. T3Wind closer than the NBMStorm Station 2.54 mph, the NBM 2.57 mphAhead today by 0.02 mph
  4. T4Sky cover closer than the NBMStorm Station 19.51 points, the NBM 19.65 pointsAhead today by 0.14 points
  5. T4Sky cover as the airport reports it: in its category more often than the NBMStorm Station 47 in 100 hours, the NBM 47; off by 0.62 categories, the NBM 0.62Level today
  6. T5An honest band: 66 to 70 in 100 readings inside it73 in 100 for temperature; the NBM 55Too wide today
  7. T6Rain chance: more skill than the NBMskill 0.58 against 0.59, 1 to 6 hours aheadBehind today by 0.01
  8. T7Rain amount: a higher threat score than the NBM0.34 against 0.35 at 0.01 inchBehind today by 0.01
  9. T8The first six hours: closer than the NBM and than the last reading carried forwardStorm Station 2.13 F, the NBM 2.13 F, the last reading carried forward 4.29 F, temperature 1 to 6 hours aheadLevel today

Every day scored

The NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield, scored on the same hours, which is the evidence the correction is tested on; how often the temperature forecast came within 5 F; and how many misses of more than 10 F each day had. The table holds every day; choose one for its own page.

Temperature, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the temperature, F, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield01234Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16CorrectionNBM
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Wind, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the wind, mph, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield01234Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Dew point, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the dew point, F, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield0123Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16CorrectionNBM
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Sky cover, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

Mean miss of each forecast of the sky cover, points, each day scored from September 28, 2026 to October 16, 2026: the NBM and the Storm Station correction at every airfield010203040Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Temperature, hours within 5 F, the NBM and its correction at every airfield

The share of hours each temperature forecast was within 5 F, each day scored80%85%90%95%100%Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16NBMCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station correction

Misses of more than 10 F

Misses of more than 10 F each day scored05001,0001,500Sep 28Oct 2Oct 6Oct 10Oct 16Misses
Misses
Every day scored, over all hours ahead
DayHoursStorm Station, temperatureBlend, temperatureWithin 5 FStorm Station, windBlend, windRain skill, 1 to 6 hMisses over 10 FReadings that failed
October 16, 2026242.1 F2.4 F95 in 1003.3 mph3.2 mph0.39542203
October 15, 2026242.1 F2.4 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.47572124
October 14, 2026242.4 F2.6 F91 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.361,142133
October 13, 2026242.2 F2.4 F93 in 1002.5 mph2.5 mph0.321,229139
October 12, 2026242.2 F2.3 F92 in 1002.7 mph2.8 mph0.38871141
October 11, 2026242.3 F2.5 F92 in 1003.0 mph3.0 mph0.48581156
October 10, 2026242.4 F2.6 F89 in 1003.1 mph3.2 mph0.46889243
October 9, 2026242.2 F2.5 F93 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.46746380
October 8, 2026242.1 F2.5 F94 in 1002.4 mph2.3 mph0.39575323
October 7, 2026242.2 F2.6 F94 in 1002.5 mph2.3 mph0.33659262
October 6, 2026242.0 F2.5 F95 in 1002.4 mph2.5 mph0.34518302
October 5, 2026242.2 F2.5 F94 in 1002.6 mph2.5 mph0.41539303
October 4, 2026242.2 F2.5 F93 in 1002.3 mph2.4 mph0.34507244
October 3, 2026242.3 F2.4 F92 in 1002.3 mph2.5 mph0.24505246
October 2, 2026242.1 F2.3 F92 in 1002.4 mph2.6 mph0.39376219
October 1, 2026241.9 F2.3 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.6 mph0.44500169
September 30, 2026242.1 F2.3 F94 in 1002.4 mph2.5 mph0.44364191
September 29, 2026241.9 F2.3 F95 in 1002.5 mph2.5 mph0.38388154
September 28, 2026242.4 F2.4 F91 in 1002.4 mph2.4 mph-421171

October 15, 2026, in depth

How far ahead the forecast was made

A forecast made an hour ahead should come closer than one made a day ahead. Each point is the mean miss of the forecasts made that far ahead.

Temperature

Mean miss of each forecast of the temperature by how far ahead it was made, October 15, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hNAMHRRRGFSECMWF IFSCorrectionNBMStorm StationNWS forecastECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Wind

Mean miss of each forecast of the wind by how far ahead it was made, October 15, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hECMWF AIFSHRRRECMWF IFSNAMGFSNWS forecastNBMStorm StationCorrection
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Dew point

Mean miss of each forecast of the dew point by how far ahead it was made, October 15, 2026012341 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hGFSHRRRNAMECMWF IFSCorrectionNBMECMWF AIFSNWS forecastStorm Station
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Sky cover

Mean miss of each forecast of the sky cover by how far ahead it was made, October 15, 202601020301 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hNAMNBMGFSHRRRNWS forecastECMWF IFSStorm StationCorrectionECMWF AIFS
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM) Storm Station lead National Weather Service forecast NOAA GFS NOAA HRRR NOAA NAM ECMWF IFS ECMWF AIFS Storm Station correction

Which way each forecast missed

A bar to the right ran high, warm or strong; to the left, low, cool or light. A forecast that runs one way day after day is the easiest to correct, and the correction learns it.

Temperature

Which way each forecast of the temperature ran, on averagecoolwarmNBM0.1 F coolStorm Station0.4 F coolNWS forecast0.6 F coolGFSevenHRRR1.4 F coolNAM0.8 F coolECMWF IFS0.5 F coolECMWF AIFS0.5 F coolCorrection0.3 F cool

Wind

Which way each forecast of the wind ran, on averagelightstrongNBM0.3 mph strongStorm Station0.3 mph strongNWS forecast0.3 mph strongGFS0.3 mph lightHRRR1.0 mph lightNAM0.7 mph lightECMWF IFS1.4 mph lightECMWF AIFS1.2 mph lightCorrection0.2 mph light

Dew point

Which way each forecast of the dew point ran, on averagedrymoistNBM0.1 F dryStorm Station0.1 F moistNWS forecast0.3 F moistGFS2.4 F dryHRRR0.5 F dryNAM1.1 F moistECMWF IFS0.6 F moistECMWF AIFS0.5 F moistCorrection0.7 F dry

Sky cover

Which way each forecast of the sky cover ran, on averageclearcloudyNBM18.5 points clearStorm Station15.4 points clearNWS forecast14.3 points clearGFS10.1 points clearHRRR5.4 points clearNAM9.9 points clearECMWF IFS10.8 points clearECMWF AIFS9.6 points clearCorrection3.3 points clear

Closest

The 12 airfields the temperature forecast came closest at, of those with 12 hours or more
AirfieldStateMean missRanHoursMisses over 10 F, who was wrong
KM25 Mayfield Graves County AirportKY0.3 Feven12-
KTXW Mid Valley International AirportTX0.5 F0.3 F cool100-
KORL Orlando Executive AirportFL0.6 F0.2 F cool100-
PAGM Gambell AirportAK0.6 F0.1 F cool100-
KNGP Naval Air Station Corpus Christi Truax FieldTX0.6 F0.4 F cool96-
PAHX Shageluk AirportAK0.6 F0.3 F warm100-
KOGB Orangeburg Municipal AirportSC0.7 F0.4 F warm25-
KPKV Calhoun County AirportTX0.7 F0.1 F warm100-
KSYM Morehead-Rowan County Clyde A. Thomas Regional AirportKY0.7 F0.2 F warm37-
KCDN Woodward FieldSC0.7 F0.3 F warm100-
KSSC Shaw Air Force BaseSC0.7 F0.3 F cool100-
KVCT Victoria Regional AirportTX0.7 F0.2 F warm100-

Furthest

The 12 airfields it missed most at, and who was wrong in its misses over 10 F
AirfieldStateMean missRanHoursMisses over 10 F, who was wrong
KC99-29.3 F29.3 F warm29the forecast, at this station 7
K1NW-7.9 F7.5 F warm100the forecast, at this station 4
PAAD Point Thomson AirstripAK7.5 F7.5 F cool100cannot be told 1
KMEV Minden-Tahoe AirportNV7.3 F6.6 F warm100the forecast, at this station 9
KGEY South Big Horn County AirportWY7.2 F6.7 F cool100the forecast, at this station 3
PADG Red Dog AirportAK7.1 F7.1 F cool37-
KMBL Manistee County Blacker AirportMI6.7 F3.4 F cool100-
KU68 North Big Horn County AirportWY6.6 F6.3 F cool100-
PAQT Nuiqsut AirportAK6.5 F6.5 F cool100-
KHAF Half Moon Bay AirportCA6.4 F1.3 F cool92the forecast, at this station 3
KL08 Borrego Valley AirportCA6.3 F4.0 F warm87the forecast, at this station 11
KAJO Corona Municipal AirportCA6.3 F1.3 F cool84the forecast, at this station 4, the station 1

Why the large misses happened

Every miss of more than 10 F is looked at against the stations around it, to say whether the forecast was wrong or the instrument was.

  • The station19The reading failed its check against its neighbours: the station was wrong, not the forecast.
  • The forecast, across the area51Most of the stations around it were missed the same way.
  • The forecast, at this station412Its neighbours were forecast well: its ground, its siting or a boundary the forecast did not place.
  • Cannot be told90Too few stations stand near it to say which was wrong.
The 200 largest misses of October 15, 2026
AirfieldHourSaidReadOff byIts neighboursHours aheadWho was wrong
KM2122 UTC88 F-6.3 F94.3 F high86.4 F4The station
KM2121 UTC88 F52.5 F35.5 F high86.2 F3The station
KC9921 UTC57 F27.1 F29.9 F high30.3 F3The forecast, at this station
KC9920 UTC56 F26.4 F29.6 F high30.3 F2The forecast, at this station
KC9922 UTC58 F29.1 F28.9 F high33.1 F4The forecast, at this station
KC9919 UTC54 F25.9 F28.1 F high28.5 F1The forecast, at this station
KC9923 UTC58 F30.6 F27.4 F high31.3 F5The forecast, at this station
KC9918 UTC52 F26.1 F25.9 F high30.3 F6The forecast, at this station
KC9917 UTC50 F26.4 F23.6 F high26.7 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW23 UTC62 F84.2 F22.2 F low83.9 F5The forecast, at this station
KO2606 UTC63 F42.8 F20.2 F high-6Cannot be told
KGVW22 UTC65 F84.2 F19.2 F low87.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW00 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low80.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW01 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low80.3 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW02 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low78.7 F2The forecast, at this station
KGVW03 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low76.7 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW04 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low76.7 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW05 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low75.6 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW06 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low73.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KGVW07 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low73.1 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW08 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low73.7 F2The forecast, at this station
KGVW09 UTC64 F82.4 F18.4 F low72.7 F3The forecast, at this station
KO2602 UTC70 F51.8 F18.2 F high-2The station
KNFG13 UTC63 F45.0 F18.0 F high57.4 F1The forecast, at this station
KNFG14 UTC63 F45.0 F18.0 F high58.6 F2The forecast, at this station
KO2603 UTC66 F48.2 F17.8 F high-3The station
KO2604 UTC66 F48.2 F17.8 F high-4Cannot be told
KO2605 UTC64 F46.4 F17.6 F high-5Cannot be told
KGVW10 UTC65 F82.4 F17.4 F low72.7 F4The forecast, at this station
KGVW13 UTC65 F82.4 F17.4 F low73.1 F1The forecast, at this station
KTCC00 UTC75 F57.9 F17.1 F high-6Cannot be told
KGVW21 UTC68 F84.2 F16.2 F low88.3 F3The forecast, at this station
KGVW16 UTC70 F86.0 F16.0 F low84.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KNFG15 UTC66 F50.0 F16.0 F high64.3 F3The forecast, at this station
K1NW00 UTC59 F43.2 F15.8 F high42.7 F12The forecast, at this station
KGVW11 UTC65 F80.6 F15.6 F low71.7 F5The forecast, at this station
KGVW14 UTC67 F82.4 F15.4 F low78.5 F2The forecast, at this station
KTSP10 UTC51 F35.6 F15.4 F high41.2 F4The forecast, at this station
KNFG11 UTC62 F46.9 F15.1 F high59.8 F5The station
KNFG12 UTC62 F46.9 F15.1 F high58.3 F6The station
KL0814 UTC65 F50.0 F15.0 F high55.9 F2The forecast, at this station
KSIY06 UTC57 F42.1 F14.9 F high49.4 F6The forecast, at this station
KEKS07 UTC45 F30.2 F14.8 F high29.9 F19The forecast, at this station
KGVW12 UTC66 F80.6 F14.6 F low73.1 F6The forecast, at this station
KLLR20 UTC66 F80.6 F14.6 F low-2Cannot be told
KGVW15 UTC68 F82.4 F14.4 F low-3Cannot be told
KHAF20 UTC70 F84.2 F14.2 F low78.9 F2The forecast, at this station
KL0810 UTC66 F51.8 F14.2 F high58.9 F4The forecast, at this station
KL0813 UTC66 F51.8 F14.2 F high56.1 F1The forecast, at this station
KMEV14 UTC39 F24.8 F14.2 F high34.5 F2The forecast, at this station
KGEY11 UTC37 F51.1 F14.1 F low45.6 F5The forecast, at this station
KLOL13 UTC43 F28.9 F14.1 F high-1Cannot be told
K6S223 UTC72 F86.0 F14.0 F low80.0 F5The forecast, at this station
KAJO11 UTC62 F48.0 F14.0 F high58.5 F5The forecast, at this station
KEKS05 UTC46 F32.0 F14.0 F high32.7 F17The forecast, at this station
KEKS16 UTC46 F32.0 F14.0 F high35.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KMEH16 UTC44 F30.0 F14.0 F high-4Cannot be told
KNFG10 UTC62 F48.0 F14.0 F high60.0 F4The forecast, at this station
KOAR22 UTC72 F86.0 F14.0 F low84.2 F4The forecast, at this station
KONT14 UTC63 F77.0 F14.0 F low56.6 F2The station
KSNS23 UTC76 F90.0 F14.0 F low85.5 F5The forecast, at this station
KWJF15 UTC55 F41.0 F14.0 F high59.6 F3The forecast, at this station
KMEV15 UTC44 F30.2 F13.8 F high38.3 F3The forecast, at this station
KEKS10 UTC42 F28.4 F13.6 F high29.0 F22The forecast, at this station
KDUX00 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high56.8 F6The forecast, at this station
KL0809 UTC67 F53.6 F13.4 F high59.4 F3The forecast, at this station
KMEV06 UTC49 F35.6 F13.4 F high45.2 F6The forecast, at this station
KHAF21 UTC71 F84.2 F13.2 F low81.0 F3The forecast, at this station
KAJO12 UTC62 F48.9 F13.1 F high58.5 F6The forecast, at this station
KNFG09 UTC62 F48.9 F13.1 F high60.1 F3The forecast, at this station
KAJO08 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high60.8 F2The station
KDHT00 UTC65 F52.0 F13.0 F high-6Cannot be told
KDHT01 UTC65 F52.0 F13.0 F high-19Cannot be told
KEKS01 UTC54 F41.0 F13.0 F high41.3 F13The forecast, at this station
KEKS06 UTC45 F32.0 F13.0 F high31.4 F18The forecast, at this station
KHJO02 UTC76 F63.0 F13.0 F high69.2 F14The forecast, at this station
KLPC14 UTC56 F43.0 F13.0 F high51.2 F2The forecast, at this station
KMEH15 UTC36 F23.0 F13.0 F high-3Cannot be told
KNID13 UTC56 F43.0 F13.0 F high48.7 F1The forecast, at this station
KONT16 UTC68 F81.0 F13.0 F low70.4 F10The forecast, at this station
KRQO21 UTC72 F59.0 F13.0 F high60.8 F21The forecast, across the area
KTCC01 UTC70 F57.0 F13.0 F high-1Cannot be told
KWJF16 UTC63 F50.0 F13.0 F high67.1 F4The forecast, at this station
KBNO15 UTC37 F24.1 F12.9 F high-3Cannot be told
KGUY00 UTC66 F53.1 F12.9 F high52.8 F18The forecast, across the area
KLLR19 UTC66 F78.8 F12.8 F low-1Cannot be told
KLLR23 UTC66 F78.8 F12.8 F low-5Cannot be told
KMEV05 UTC52 F39.2 F12.8 F high48.0 F5The forecast, at this station
KSBD16 UTC66 F78.8 F12.8 F low70.5 F10The forecast, at this station
K1IM00 UTC57 F44.4 F12.6 F high53.5 F12The forecast, at this station
K1NW22 UTC43 F55.6 F12.6 F low53.9 F4The forecast, at this station
KL0808 UTC68 F55.4 F12.6 F high59.2 F2The forecast, at this station
K4S123 UTC59 F71.6 F12.6 F low85.4 F5Cannot be told
KHAF19 UTC68 F80.6 F12.6 F low75.4 F1The forecast, at this station
KL0803 UTC77 F64.4 F12.6 F high68.8 F15The forecast, at this station
KL0804 UTC75 F62.6 F12.4 F high64.5 F16The forecast, at this station
KMEV04 UTC57 F44.6 F12.4 F high54.1 F16The forecast, at this station
K1IM01 UTC53 F40.8 F12.2 F high48.5 F13The forecast, at this station
KEKS19 UTC55 F42.8 F12.2 F high43.4 F1The forecast, at this station
KGVW17 UTC72 F84.2 F12.2 F low85.7 F5The forecast, at this station
KTSP06 UTC55 F42.8 F12.2 F high48.6 F18The forecast, at this station
K1NW23 UTC42 F54.1 F12.1 F low51.9 F5The forecast, at this station
KCAO01 UTC61 F48.9 F12.1 F high-19Cannot be told
KAJO15 UTC66 F78.1 F12.1 F low64.0 F3The forecast, at this station
K1NW21 UTC43 F55.0 F12.0 F low54.5 F3The forecast, at this station
KACV18 UTC63 F75.0 F12.0 F low-6Cannot be told
KAJO10 UTC62 F50.0 F12.0 F high59.4 F4The forecast, at this station
KBGD00 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high66.8 F18The forecast, at this station
KCLK19 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high61.0 F19The forecast, across the area
KE4200 UTC69 F57.0 F12.0 F high57.2 F18The forecast, across the area
KGEY10 UTC38 F50.0 F12.0 F low44.5 F4The forecast, at this station
KGEY12 UTC36 F48.0 F12.0 F low45.6 F6The forecast, at this station
KHJO03 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high63.6 F15The forecast, at this station
KJHN00 UTC62 F50.0 F12.0 F high51.2 F24The forecast, across the area
KL0805 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high63.0 F5The forecast, at this station
KLOL09 UTC46 F34.0 F12.0 F high-21Cannot be told
KNFG08 UTC62 F50.0 F12.0 F high61.9 F2The station
KPWA22 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high60.2 F22The forecast, across the area
KRAL14 UTC60 F72.0 F12.0 F low57.5 F8The forecast, at this station
KRAL15 UTC63 F75.0 F12.0 F low62.5 F9The forecast, at this station
KRCE22 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high59.5 F22The forecast, across the area
KRQO22 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high58.9 F22The forecast, across the area
KSIY09 UTC53 F41.0 F12.0 F high45.6 F21The forecast, at this station
KSLH08 UTC38 F50.0 F12.0 F low46.8 F2The forecast, at this station
KSNS22 UTC76 F88.0 F12.0 F low85.3 F4The forecast, at this station
KSNT17 UTC44 F32.0 F12.0 F high-5Cannot be told
KSNT18 UTC51 F39.0 F12.0 F high-6Cannot be told
KSNT19 UTC58 F46.0 F12.0 F high-7Cannot be told
KWDG20 UTC71 F59.0 F12.0 F high61.9 F20The forecast, at this station
KWMC05 UTC48 F36.0 F12.0 F high-17Cannot be told
KWVI23 UTC79 F91.0 F12.0 F low83.4 F5The forecast, at this station
KACV19 UTC64 F75.9 F11.9 F low-1Cannot be told
KF0500 UTC81 F69.1 F11.9 F high72.9 F18The forecast, at this station
KRPH21 UTC81 F69.1 F11.9 F high75.0 F15The forecast, at this station
KBAN16 UTC45 F33.1 F11.9 F high-4Cannot be told
KBKE15 UTC36 F24.1 F11.9 F high-3Cannot be told
KCMA11 UTC63 F51.1 F11.9 F high61.3 F5The forecast, at this station
KEDW16 UTC63 F51.1 F11.9 F high66.1 F4The forecast, at this station
KIWD11 UTC35 F46.9 F11.9 F low47.3 F17The forecast, at this station
KLAW23 UTC72 F60.1 F11.9 F high60.5 F17The forecast, across the area
KLPC13 UTC56 F44.1 F11.9 F high51.4 F1The forecast, at this station
KNKX14 UTC63 F51.1 F11.9 F high56.4 F2The forecast, at this station
KOKC22 UTC72 F60.1 F11.9 F high60.5 F22The forecast, across the area
KPMD16 UTC65 F53.1 F11.9 F high69.2 F4The forecast, at this station
KSWO22 UTC72 F60.1 F11.9 F high61.5 F22The forecast, at this station
PAAD13 UTC10 F21.9 F11.9 F low-7Cannot be told
PAGH23 UTC28 F39.9 F11.9 F low-5Cannot be told
KEKS11 UTC42 F30.2 F11.8 F high28.6 F23The forecast, at this station
KMEV09 UTC42 F30.2 F11.8 F high39.7 F3The forecast, at this station
KDWX00 UTC47 F35.2 F11.8 F high39.2 F6The forecast, at this station
KEKS02 UTC51 F39.2 F11.8 F high37.8 F14The forecast, at this station
KEKS21 UTC60 F48.2 F11.8 F high48.0 F3The forecast, at this station
KEKS22 UTC60 F48.2 F11.8 F high48.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KFSI23 UTC73 F61.2 F11.8 F high59.9 F23The forecast, across the area
KGZN23 UTC78 F66.2 F11.8 F high67.1 F23The forecast, across the area
KMEV03 UTC60 F48.2 F11.8 F high57.4 F15The forecast, at this station
KTSP09 UTC51 F39.2 F11.8 F high43.2 F3The forecast, at this station
K0F219 UTC81 F69.3 F11.7 F high80.6 F13The forecast, at this station
KL3514 UTC36 F47.7 F11.7 F low-8Cannot be told
KSWW01 UTC81 F69.3 F11.7 F high82.8 F13The station
KDUX01 UTC67 F55.4 F11.6 F high56.8 F19The forecast, at this station
KEKS03 UTC49 F37.4 F11.6 F high37.1 F15The forecast, at this station
KEKS08 UTC40 F28.4 F11.6 F high31.2 F2The forecast, at this station
KELK18 UTC69 F57.4 F11.6 F high66.0 F6The forecast, at this station
KMEV11 UTC40 F28.4 F11.6 F high36.9 F5The forecast, at this station
KMEV13 UTC40 F28.4 F11.6 F high36.9 F1The forecast, at this station
K6P923 UTC78 F66.4 F11.6 F high75.4 F17The forecast, at this station
KXBP21 UTC85 F73.4 F11.6 F high86.4 F21The station
KBYS14 UTC54 F65.5 F11.5 F low-8Cannot be told
KGVW19 UTC71 F82.4 F11.4 F low87.5 F7The forecast, at this station
KGVW20 UTC71 F82.4 F11.4 F low89.1 F2The forecast, at this station
KM2123 UTC85 F73.6 F11.4 F high83.1 F5The forecast, at this station
KONP22 UTC71 F82.4 F11.4 F low82.1 F4The forecast, at this station
KONP23 UTC71 F82.4 F11.4 F low82.6 F5The forecast, at this station
K00U13 UTC35 F46.4 F11.4 F low-7Cannot be told
K46U19 UTC56 F44.6 F11.4 F high53.4 F7The forecast, at this station
KAFO19 UTC56 F44.6 F11.4 F high51.1 F7The forecast, at this station
KCHK21 UTC74 F62.6 F11.4 F high64.4 F21The forecast, across the area
KDUC23 UTC74 F62.6 F11.4 F high62.1 F23The forecast, across the area
KEGV10 UTC35 F46.4 F11.4 F low46.6 F22The forecast, across the area
KEKS04 UTC47 F35.6 F11.4 F high34.9 F16The forecast, at this station
KL0811 UTC65 F53.6 F11.4 F high58.7 F5The forecast, at this station
KL0812 UTC65 F53.6 F11.4 F high57.1 F6The forecast, at this station
KRRL08 UTC39 F50.4 F11.4 F low49.5 F20The forecast, at this station
KDLO14 UTC53 F41.7 F11.3 F high48.8 F2The forecast, at this station
KEHA00 UTC62 F50.7 F11.3 F high50.6 F18The forecast, across the area
KETN22 UTC82 F70.7 F11.3 F high78.3 F22The forecast, at this station
KOJA22 UTC69 F57.7 F11.3 F high58.0 F22The forecast, across the area
K6S222 UTC73 F84.2 F11.2 F low78.6 F4The forecast, at this station
KAXS20 UTC72 F60.8 F11.2 F high64.1 F8The forecast, at this station
KAZC14 UTC37 F48.2 F11.2 F low41.0 F8The forecast, at this station
KCQB23 UTC72 F60.8 F11.2 F high61.0 F23The forecast, at this station
KCUH23 UTC72 F60.8 F11.2 F high61.6 F23The forecast, at this station
KEKS18 UTC54 F42.8 F11.2 F high41.8 F6The forecast, at this station
KFSI22 UTC74 F62.8 F11.2 F high61.0 F22The forecast, across the area
KHQG00 UTC63 F51.8 F11.2 F high51.9 F18The forecast, at this station
KL0802 UTC81 F69.8 F11.2 F high69.3 F14The forecast, at this station
KMZJ23 UTC73 F84.2 F11.2 F low84.5 F5The forecast, at this station
KOAR21 UTC73 F84.2 F11.2 F low82.4 F3The forecast, at this station
KRPH20 UTC83 F71.8 F11.2 F high75.7 F20The forecast, at this station

Which forecast leads

The Storm Station correction is scored beside the NBM every day, with only what was known before that day. It takes the lead for a figure only when the Diebold and Mariano test, over at least 14 days, finds it better with less than a 5 in 100 chance of luck. Sky cover must also be better in the category the airport reports, over 14 days of those from October 11. Until then the NBM leads.

  • Temperature NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)19 days scored, gain 0.04 F a day, chance of luck 0.296
  • Dew point NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)19 days scored, gain 0.04 F a day, chance of luck 0.081
  • Wind NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)19 days scored, gain 0.02 mph a day, chance of luck 0.286
  • Sky cover NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)18 days scored, gain 2.75 points a day, chance of luck 0.001

The forecast every page prints, every answer of the API gives and every site that reads the engine shows takes each station’s habit out of a figure, in part, only where two tests have both passed over at least 14 days: the correction against the NBM at every airfield, and the forecast made with it against the same forecast made without it at the 70 airports, the two recorded side by side at every issue. Sky cover must pass both in the category the airport reports as well.

  • Temperature As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 0.09 F a day, chance of luck 0.023; the 70 airports no days yet
  • Dew point As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 0.10 F a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yet
  • Wind As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 0.06 mph a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yet
  • Sky cover As the NBM’s stations give itevery airfield 14 days, gain 3.84 points a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yetIn the category the airport reports: every airfield 6 days, gain 11.2 in 100 hours a day, chance of luck 0.000; the 70 airports no days yet

The full figures, October 15, 2026

Temperature

Mean miss, F, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.32.32.42.52.4-0.155%238,483
Storm Station correction2.32.32.42.52.4-0.373%238,483
National Weather Service forecast2.02.12.12.22.1-0.6-6,971
NOAA GFS2.32.42.52.62.5+0.0-6,956
NOAA HRRR2.42.52.83.02.7-1.4-6,671
NOAA NAM2.52.93.13.33.0-0.8-6,671
ECMWF IFS2.22.32.42.52.4-0.5-2,225
ECMWF AIFS1.81.91.91.91.9-0.5-1,114
Storm Station lead2.12.12.12.22.1-0.462%6,971
NBM, at the 70 airports2.12.12.12.12.1-0.461%6,980
Correction, at the 70 airports2.01.91.92.02.0-0.177%6,980

Dew point

Mean miss, F, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.02.12.12.22.1-0.166%237,389
Storm Station correction2.02.12.22.22.1-0.773%237,389
National Weather Service forecast1.81.92.02.01.9+0.3-6,970
NOAA GFS2.93.13.23.33.1-2.4-6,955
NOAA HRRR2.42.42.62.72.5-0.5-6,670
NOAA NAM2.72.62.52.62.6+1.1-6,670
ECMWF IFS1.92.02.12.42.1+0.6-2,225
ECMWF AIFS1.91.92.02.12.0+0.5-1,114
Storm Station lead1.71.81.81.91.8+0.177%6,970
NBM, at the 70 airports1.71.81.81.91.8+0.077%6,980
Correction, at the 70 airports1.81.91.92.01.9-0.477%6,980

Wind

Mean miss, mph, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)2.52.62.62.62.6+0.354%237,984
Storm Station correction2.52.62.62.62.6-0.273%237,984
National Weather Service forecast2.52.62.72.72.6+0.3-6,963
NOAA GFS2.82.82.92.92.9-0.3-6,948
NOAA HRRR3.03.03.13.23.1-1.0-6,663
NOAA NAM2.82.92.93.12.9-0.7-6,663
ECMWF IFS3.13.13.13.23.1-1.4-2,217
ECMWF AIFS3.23.33.33.33.3-1.2-1,114
Storm Station lead2.52.52.62.62.5+0.3-6,963
NBM, at the 70 airports2.52.52.62.62.6+0.556%6,971
Correction, at the 70 airports2.52.52.62.62.5-0.274%6,971

Sky cover

Mean miss, %, by how far ahead the forecast was made
Forecast1 to 6 h7 to 12 h13 to 18 h19 to 25 hAllRanInside its bandHours
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)22.523.524.224.623.8-18.548%136,995
Storm Station correction18.318.718.919.618.9-3.384%136,995
National Weather Service forecast18.718.619.319.919.1-14.3-5,302
NOAA GFS22.722.222.522.322.4-10.1-5,296
NOAA HRRR21.221.820.721.021.2-5.4-5,014
NOAA NAM23.624.625.125.324.7-9.9-5,014
ECMWF IFS18.118.019.219.818.8-10.8-1,710
ECMWF AIFS16.716.917.517.517.2-9.6-858
Storm Station lead19.419.519.419.719.5-15.4-5,314
NBM, at the 70 airports19.419.419.620.119.6-15.653%5,320
Correction, at the 70 airports13.914.114.415.414.5-0.189%5,320

Rain

The chance of rain in each hour is scored by the Brier score: the mean square of the chance less what happened, 0 when it did not rain and 1 when it did. Lower is better; skill compares it with always forecasting how often it rained. The amount is scored at 0.01 and 0.10 inch by the equitable threat score, which gives no credit for hits chance would have made.

ForecastBrier, 1 to 6 hBrier, 7 to 12 hBrier, 13 to 18 hBrier, 19 to 25 hSkill, 1 to 6 hThreat score, 0.01 inThreat score, 0.10 in
NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM)0.0420.0450.0480.0510.470.320.15
Storm Station lead0.0270.0300.0350.0470.580.340.10
NBM, at the 70 airports0.0260.0290.0340.0380.590.350.11

Snow

The day’s new snow at every snow telemetry station, against the NBM’s 24 hour snow. A pillow’s rise counts as snow only when water came with it.

Stations scored
557
Where snow fell or was forecast
83
Mean miss, depth
3.1 in
Sensors set aside
0
New snow of at leastHitsMissesFalse alarmsThreat score
1 in204590.21
3 in100250.27
6 in10170.05

How it is scored

What happened. For each hour, each airfield’s routine report from 15 minutes before the hour to 5 minutes after. Rain in the hour counts only where the station has a working gauge; a station without one has no zero to give.

The check. Each reading is compared with the stations within 60 miles and 2,000 ft of its height, their readings carried to its height. One further from the middle of them than four times their spread, and never less than 10 F, fails, and is neither scored nor learned from. With too few neighbours, the analysis of record is the second opinion.

The scores. The mean miss, and whether a forecast ran warm or cold. A forecast that gives its own spread is also scored on its band: an honest band holds about 68 in 100 readings. Within 5 F, 5 mph or 25 points of sky cover is the share of hours that came that close. Units are F, miles an hour and per cent of the sky.

The forecasts. NOAA National Blend of Models (NBM): NOAA’s statistical blend of many models, for every airfield, four cycles a day. Storm Station correction: The NBM with each station’s own habit taken out, learned the day after. National Weather Service forecast: Each forecast office’s gridded forecast (the National Digital Forecast Database), as the weather cards read it. NOAA GFS: Global Forecast System, NOAA’s global model, at the 70 airports. NOAA HRRR: High-Resolution Rapid Refresh, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model, run every hour, at the 70 airports. NOAA NAM: North American Mesoscale model, NOAA’s 2 mile grid model over the lower 48, at the 70 airports. ECMWF IFS: Integrated Forecasting System, the European Centre’s global model, at the 70 airports. ECMWF AIFS: Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System, the European Centre’s AI model, at the 70 airports. NOAA GFS with HRRR: NOAA’s HRRR for the hours it reaches, laid over NOAA’s GFS, as one forecast, as the weather cards read it, at a panel of 70 airports. Storm Station lead: The engine’s own forecast from the NBM’s stations near each airport, as the cards print it; before 13 UTC Oct 3, the middle of the National Weather Service forecast and NOAA GFS with HRRR. NBM, at the 70 airports: The same NBM, scored only at the 70 airports the lead is scored at, so the two compare the same places. Correction, at the 70 airports: The Storm Station correction, scored only at the 70 airports the lead is scored at.

The same figures, as data: /api/accuracy, and the developer page for every field.