Storm Station

In a volunteer observer's own ground

CWOP network, identified by the register

Identifier
W4NFM
Latitude
37.23000 N
Longitude
79.94000 W
Elevation
1,277 ft
Rank
-
Air temperature
59F
Relative humidity
99%
Pressure
31.56inHg
Wind
0mph
Gust
1mph
Wind direction
311°
Precipitation this hour
0in
Precipitation today
0in

On the radar over Citizen station W4NFMReflectivityStorm topsRain rateRain, last 24 hoursForecast temperatureForecast rain totalEvery picture

In a volunteer observer's own ground

Drawn as the kind of place it stands at. 1,414 instruments in Virginia stand at one.

Station charts

Citizen station W4NFM Report

Rank
-
Time to reach Storm Station
16 s9 in 10 within 30 s
Against its reference, 30 days
-0.6 °Fcooler than the airport station KROA, 6.3 miles away, on average over 11 readings; typical difference 1.1 °F

Against its reference: each temperature this station reports is compared with the nearest airport or climate reference station that reported within half an hour, up to 15 miles away. The figure is its reading less the reference's, on average, as both were reported; the typical difference is the root mean square. The difference in height is shown where both heights are known.

Chart of the 1,183 ranked stations in Virginia on Oct 4 by the share of their scheduled reports received in Storm Station's own record, up to 7 days, in tenths: 0 to 9 per cent, 4; 10 to 19 per cent, 12; 20 to 29 per cent, 12; 30 to 39 per cent, 24; 40 to 49 per cent, 4; 50 to 59 per cent, 9; 60 to 69 per cent, 89; 70 to 79 per cent, 40; 80 to 89 per cent, 37; 90 to 99 per cent, 569; 100 per cent, 383.WHERE IT RANKS IN VIRGINIA, Oct 4PER CENT OF SCHEDULED REPORTS RECEIVEDIN STORM STATION'S OWN RECORD, UP TO 7 DAYS1101000 to 9410 to 191220 to 291230 to 392440 to 49450 to 59960 to 698970 to 794080 to 893790 to 99569100383STATIONS, LOG SCALE
The ranking these charts were drawn from, as tables
Share of scheduled reports receivedStations
100%383
90 to 99%569
80 to 89%37
70 to 79%40
60 to 69%89
50 to 59%9
40 to 49%4
30 to 39%24
20 to 29%12
10 to 19%12
0 to 9%4

Station report

Citizen station W4NFM, in 4 sheets

Drawn from its report of undefined, in the manner of the Field Book, and opened beside the plates that explain each part of it.

1The wind

Contents

Calm.

Plan of the wind at Citizen station W4NFM, north up: calm; beside it the Beaufort scale from calm to hurricane force, force 0, calm, marked.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT W4NFMFIG. C THE WIND AT CITIZEN STATION W4NFMPLAN, NORTH UP: THE WIND AS REPORTED, AND WHERE IT SITS ON THE BEAUFORT SCALENESWTHE STATIONCALMBEAUFORT FORCELEAST WIND, MPH0CALM0NOW, 0 MPH1LIGHT AIR1GUST, 1 MPH2LIGHT BREEZE43GENTLE BREEZE84MODERATE BREEZE135FRESH BREEZE196STRONG BREEZE257NEAR GALE328GALE399STRONG GALE4710STORM5511VIOLENT STORM6412HURRICANE FORCE73TITLECitizen station W4NFM, the windSTATION REPORT · CWOP W4NFMTYPEPLAN north upSCALENOT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 1 of 4DATE2026-10-04IDSR-W4NFM-1DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-EVT-150, FB-ENG-008

From the Field Book

2The column

Contents

At 1,277 ft above sea level, 5 per cent of the atmosphere's air lies below the station. The standard atmosphere puts the pressure there at 28.57 inHg and the temperature at 54.4 F; the station's altimeter setting of 31.56 inHg means its barometer reads 30.13 inHg; it reports 59.0 F, 4.6 F warmer than standard.

Section from sea level of where Citizen station W4NFM stands in the atmosphere, height to scale: the station 1,277 feet above sea level with 5 per cent of the air below it; the standard atmosphere's pressure there, 28.57 inches of mercury, and temperature, 54.4 degrees Fahrenheit; the altimeter setting of 31.56 and the station pressure it means, 30.13.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT W4NFMFIG. D WHERE CITIZEN STATION W4NFM STANDS IN THE ATMOSPHERESECTION FROM SEA LEVEL, HEIGHT TO SCALE, THE STATION IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHEREFT ABOVE SEA LEVEL05,00010,00015,000SEA LEVEL, 29.92 inHg IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERECITIZEN STATION W4NFM5 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW IT1,277 FT10 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 2,890 FT20 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 6,050 FT30 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 9,540 FT40 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 13,470 FTSTANDARD PRESSURE HERE28.57 inHgSTANDARD TEMPERATURE HERE54.4 FALTIMETER SETTING, REPORTED31.56 inHgITS BAROMETER READS30.13 inHgTEMPERATURE, REPORTED59.0 FTITLECitizen station W4NFM, the columnSTATION REPORT · CWOP W4NFMTYPESECTIONSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 2 of 4DATE2026-10-04IDSR-W4NFM-2DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-001, FB-ENG-003

From the Field Book

3The sun

Contents

On Oct 4 the noon sun stands 48 degrees above the horizon at 37.23 N, and the day is 11 h 32 min long. Level ground there takes 75 per cent of the noon sunlight a surface facing the sun would.

Elevation of the noon sun at Citizen station W4NFM, angles true: on Oct 4 it stands 48 degrees above the horizon, against 76 at the June solstice, 53 at the equinoxes and 29 at the December solstice; the day is 11 h 32 min long.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT W4NFMFIG. E THE SUN AT CITIZEN STATION W4NFMELEVATION LOOKING WEST, SOUTH TO THE LEFT: THE NOON SUN ON THE DAY OF THE REPORT, AND AT THE SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES; ANGLES TRUETHE STATIONJUNE SOLSTICE 76°EQUINOXES 53°DECEMBER SOLSTICE 29°OCT 4, 48°SOUTHANGLES TRUE; THE RAYS ARE OF ONE LENGTH AND DRAW DIRECTION ONLYDAY LENGTH 11 H 32 MINLEVEL GROUND TAKES 75 PER CENT OF THE NOON SUN A FACING SURFACE WOULDLATITUDE 37.23 N; THE SUN'S DECLINATION -4.5°TITLECitizen station W4NFM, the sunSTATION REPORT · CWOP W4NFMTYPEELEVATIONSCALEANGLES TRUEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 3 of 4DATE2026-10-04IDSR-W4NFM-3DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-007

From the Field Book

4The instrument

Contents

A weather instrument, 1,277 ft above sea level. Its latest report is written on the sensors that made it.

Elevation of the instrument, Citizen station W4NFM, each sensor drawn and labelled with what it read: air temperature, 59.0 f; precipitation gauge, 0.00 in today.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT W4NFMFIG. F THE INSTRUMENTELEVATION OF THE INSTRUMENT, EACH SENSOR WITH WHAT IT READANTENNA, SENDING BY SATELLITE-AIR TEMPERATURE59.0 FPRECIPITATION GAUGE0.00 IN TODAYSCHEMATIC; THE SPACING BETWEEN SENSORS IS NOT TO SCALETITLECitizen station W4NFM, the instrumentSTATION REPORT · CWOP W4NFMTYPEELEVATIONSCALESCHEMATICREVAS REPORTED SHEET 4 of 4DATE2026-10-04IDSR-W4NFM-4DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-INS-001

From the Field Book

Near Citizen station W4NFM

Gauges

Weather instruments

Places