Weather/Pennsylvania/Instruments/K3TOW
In a volunteer observer's own ground
CWOP network, identified by the register
Now, today, and the week
On the radar over Citizen station K3TOWReflectivityStorm topsRain rateRain, last 24 hoursForecast temperatureForecast rain totalEvery picture
Drawn as the kind of place it stands at. 1,528 instruments in Pennsylvania stand at one.
-in
Snow on the ground
Station charts
Rank 1,015 of 1,252 in Pennsylvania, Oct 6. The 247 rank orders a state's stations by their 247 score out of 100: how reliably they report, how accurate their readings are against a reference station, how their readings pass their checks, and how they stand against the forecast.
247 score78.1of 100
The score is the weighted mean of its six parts, from the last 7 days. How a station is ranked sets out each part.
The reports received are counted from the network's own archive of this station's reports. Its 247 rank is counted from Storm Station's own record, which holds less than 7 days of it so far: 33 of 63 scheduled reports received, 52.3%.
Against its reference: each temperature this station reports is compared with the nearest airport or climate reference station that reported within half an hour, up to 15 miles away. The figure is its reading less the reference's, on average, as both were reported; the typical difference is the root mean square. The difference in height is shown where both heights are known.
| Share of scheduled reports received | Stations |
|---|---|
| 100% | 335 |
| 90 to 99% | 331 |
| 80 to 89% | 90 |
| 70 to 79% | 27 |
| 60 to 69% | 95 |
| 50 to 59% | 109 |
| 40 to 49% | 176 |
| 30 to 39% | 18 |
| 20 to 29% | 15 |
| 10 to 19% | 51 |
| 0 to 9% | 5 |
| Day | Rank | Stations ranked | Share received |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 1,015 | 1,252 | 52.3% |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 849 | 1,219 | 58.6% |
Station report
Drawn from its report of undefined, in the manner of the Field Book, and opened beside the plates that explain each part of it.
Calm.
FB-EVT-150, Fig. AHigh windHow a high wind reaches the ground, and the strengths a warning is issued at (40 mph sustained, 58 mph gusts).
FB-ENG-008, Fig. ACoriolis as geometryWhy large scale winds turn, and blow round a low rather than into it.
At 755 ft above sea level, 3 per cent of the atmosphere's air lies below the station. The standard atmosphere puts the pressure there at 29.11 inHg and the temperature at 56.3 F; the station's altimeter setting of 30.11 inHg means its barometer reads 29.30 inHg; it reports 36.0 F, 20.3 F colder than standard.
FB-ENG-001, Fig. AAtmosphere in sectionThe whole standard atmosphere this station stands in, from the ground to the edge of space.
FB-ENG-003, Fig. CHydrostatic balanceWhy a barometer 755 ft up reads less: it weighs only the air above it.
On Oct 6 the noon sun stands 44 degrees above the horizon at 41.18 N, and the day is 11 h 23 min long. Level ground there takes 69 per cent of the noon sunlight a surface facing the sun would.
FB-ENG-007, Fig. ARadiation budgetWhere the sunlight that reaches this ground goes once it arrives.
A weather instrument, 755 ft above sea level. Its latest report is written on the sensors that made it.
FB-INS-001, Fig. AWhat an instrument isA surface station taken apart: what each of these sensors is.