Storm Station

At an airfield

ASOS network, identified by the register

Identifier
PMDY
Latitude
28.20820 N
Longitude
177.37560 W
Elevation
25 ft
Rank
27of 330 in Hawaii, Oct 4
Sky
broken cloudBKN
Air temperature
80F
What it feels like
84.5F
High so far today
80F
Low so far today
79F
Dew point
74F
Relative humidity
82%
Visibility
10mi
Pressure
29.98inHg
Wind
24mph
Gust
32mph
Strongest wind today
28mph
Wind direction
60°
Precipitation this hour
0in
Precipitation today
0in

At an airfield

Drawn as the kind of place it stands at. 14 instruments in Hawaii stand at one.

Station charts

Sand Island Report

Rank 27 of 330 in Hawaii, Oct 4. The 247 rank orders a state's stations by their 247 score out of 100: how reliably they report, how accurate their readings are against a reference station, how their readings pass their checks, and how they stand against the forecast.

247 score99.8of 100

  1. Reports receivedweight 3599.4167 of 168 scheduled reports received in 7 days
  2. Arrivalweight 10100.0half its reports arrived within 5 min
  3. Continuityweight 10100.0longest silence 2 h, on a schedule of one report every 60 min
  4. Accuracyweight 20100.0its temperature against the airport station PMDY, 0.4 miles away, over 187 readings: typical difference 0.3 °F beyond a steady offset of -0.0 °F
  5. Instrument checksweight 15100.00 of 119 readings failed the next day's check against the stations around it
  6. Forecast checkweight 10--

The score is the weighted mean of its six parts, from the last 7 days. How a station is ranked sets out each part.

Rank
27of 330 in Hawaii, Oct 4
Schedule
every hour
Reports received, 24 hours
24 of 24100% of its schedule, 37 reports in all
Reports received, 7 days
167 of 16899.4% of its schedule, 230 reports in all
Days reported, 30 days
30 of 30
Longest silence, 7 days
2 hoursfrom Oct 2, 5:56 AM
Latest report
Oct 4, 12:56 AMlocal time
Time to reach Storm Station
5 min9 in 10 within 9 min
Against its reference, 30 days
0.0 °Fthe same as the airport station PMDY, 0.4 miles away, on average over 207 readings; typical difference 0.3 °F

From Storm Station's own record of every report it heard from this station.

Against its reference: each temperature this station reports is compared with the nearest airport or climate reference station that reported within half an hour, up to 15 miles away. The figure is its reading less the reference's, on average, as both were reported; the typical difference is the root mean square. The difference in height is shown where both heights are known.

Its schedule is one report every hour, 24 in 24 hours. Two reports in the same hour count as one received.

The forecast here, October 3, 2026

Wind, mean miss
9.1 mphran +9.1 mph over 14 forecast hours; corrected, 3.7 mph
Sky cover, mean miss
18.9 %ran -3.9 % over 14 forecast hours; corrected, 26.8 %

Each hour’s forecast against this airfield’s own report, the day after. Every airfield, scored.

Chart of the 330 ranked stations in Hawaii on Oct 4 by the share of their scheduled reports received in Storm Station's own record, up to 7 days, in tenths: 0 to 9 per cent, 0; 10 to 19 per cent, 1; 20 to 29 per cent, 2; 30 to 39 per cent, 6; 40 to 49 per cent, 6; 50 to 59 per cent, 10; 60 to 69 per cent, 16; 70 to 79 per cent, 11; 80 to 89 per cent, 24; 90 to 99 per cent, 162; 100 per cent, 92. Sand Island received 99.4 per cent, 167 of 168 scheduled reports, rank 27 of 330.WHERE IT RANKS IN HAWAII, Oct 4THIS ONE: 99.4%, 167 OF 168, RANK 27 OF 330PER CENT OF SCHEDULED REPORTS RECEIVEDIN STORM STATION'S OWN RECORD, UP TO 7 DAYS1101000 to 910 to 19120 to 29230 to 39640 to 49650 to 591060 to 691670 to 791180 to 892490 to 9916210092STATIONS, LOG SCALE
Chart of Sand Island's rank in Hawaii by how it reported, day by day, from 2026-09-26 to 2026-10-04: 2026-09-26 rank 253 of 269; 2026-09-27 rank 216 of 271; 2026-09-28 rank 242 of 280; 2026-09-29 rank 240 of 284; 2026-09-30 rank 229 of 286; 2026-10-01 rank 226 of 288; 2026-10-02 rank 32 of 327; 2026-10-03 rank 32 of 327; 2026-10-04 rank 27 of 330.ITS RANK IN HAWAII, DAY BY DAYRANK, FIRST AT THE TOP1100200300Sep 26Sep 28Sep 30Oct 2Oct 4
The ranking these charts were drawn from, as tables
Share of scheduled reports receivedStations
100%92
90 to 99%162
80 to 89%24
70 to 79%11
60 to 69%16
50 to 59%10
40 to 49%6
30 to 39%6
20 to 29%2
10 to 19%1
0 to 9%0
DayRankStations rankedShare received
Oct 4, 20262733099.4%
Oct 3, 20263232799.3%
Oct 2, 20263232799.3%
Oct 1, 202622628891.6%
Sep 30, 202622928691.2%
Sep 29, 202624028487.6%
Sep 28, 202624228084.0%
Sep 27, 202621627190.7%
Sep 26, 202625326971.4%
Temperature and Dew point at Sand Island, temperature from 77.0 to 83.0, the latest 80.0; dew point from 68.0 to 74.0, the latest 74.0, in degrees Fahrenheit.TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINTF65707580853 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4TEMPERATUREDEW POINT
Relative humidity at Sand Island, relative humidity from 61 to 85, the latest 82, in per cent.RELATIVE HUMIDITY%607080903 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4
Wind and Gust at Sand Island, wind from 13 to 24, the latest 23; gust from 17 to 33, the latest 29, in miles an hour.WIND AND GUSTmph102030403 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4WINDGUST
Wind direction at Sand Island, wind direction from 40 to 70, the latest 60, in degrees.WIND DIRECTION°0901802703603 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4
Pressure, altimeter at Sand Island, pressure, altimeter from 29.96 to 30.05, the latest 29.98, in inches of mercury.PRESSURE, ALTIMETERinHg29.9529.9830.0030.0230.053 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4
Visibility at Sand Island, visibility from 4.0 to 10.0, the latest 10.0, in miles.VISIBILITYmi02.557.5103 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4LIFRIFRMVFRVFR
Lowest cloud base at Sand Island, lowest cloud base from 1,500 to 3,800, the latest 1,600, in feet.LOWEST CLOUD BASEft1,0002,0003,0004,0003 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4MVFRVFR
Precipitation at Sand Island, precipitation from 0.00 to trace, the latest 0.00, in inches.PRECIPITATIONin0.000.030.050.070.103 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4
Reports received at Sand Island, reports from 3.0 to 16.0, the latest 3.0, in reports.REPORTS RECEIVEDreports051015203 AM6 AM9 AM12 PM3 PM6 PM9 PMOct 4
The readings these charts were drawn from, as a table
HourTemperature FDew point FRelative humidity %Wind mphGust mphWind direction °Pressure, altimeter inHgVisibility miLowest cloud base ftPrecipitation inReports
Sun 4, 1 AM---23296029.9810.01,600-3
Sun 4, 12 AM80.074.08224336029.988.01,6000.0012
Sat 3, 11 PM80.373.78022316030.0010.01,6000.0013
Sat 3, 10 PM79.074.08522316030.0110.01,5000.0013
Sat 3, 9 PM79.074.08522316030.0110.01,5000.0013
Sat 3, 8 PM79.074.08521316030.007.01,500trace13
Sat 3, 7 PM78.973.38321306030.0010.01,7000.0015
Sat 3, 6 PM78.972.48120286029.997.01,600trace16
Sat 3, 5 PM80.371.87520285029.9810.02,0000.0014
Sat 3, 4 PM80.072.07718255029.974.02,0000.0013
Sat 3, 3 PM81.370.26916244029.968.02,3000.0015
Sat 3, 2 PM82.070.06717245029.988.02,3000.0013
Sat 3, 1 PM83.069.06316245029.9910.03,8000.0013
Sat 3, 12 PM83.068.06117255030.019.02,9000.0013
Sat 3, 11 AM82.268.46317256030.0310.02,5000.0014
Sat 3, 10 AM82.068.06318236030.0510.02,5000.0013
Sat 3, 9 AM81.070.06917226030.0510.02,4000.0013
Sat 3, 8 AM80.869.97016207030.0510.02,4000.0014
Sat 3, 7 AM78.969.47314-6030.0410.02,6000.0014
Sat 3, 6 AM78.069.07415214030.0110.02,6000.0013
Sat 3, 5 AM78.069.07414206030.0010.02,5000.0013
Sat 3, 4 AM77.068.07413174029.9910.02,5000.0013
Sat 3, 3 AM77.069.07614225029.9910.02,7000.0013
Sat 3, 2 AM78.569.27315235030.0010.02,5000.0015
Temperature and Dew point at Sand Island, temperature from 75.0 to 84.6, the latest 80.0; dew point from 63.0 to 74.6, the latest 74.0, in degrees Fahrenheit.TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINTF60708090Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4TEMPERATUREDEW POINT
Relative humidity at Sand Island, relative humidity from 55 to 88, the latest 82, in per cent.RELATIVE HUMIDITY%5060708090Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4
Wind and Gust at Sand Island, wind from 2 to 24, the latest 23; gust from 16 to 33, the latest 29, in miles an hour.WIND AND GUSTmph010203040Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4WINDGUST
Wind direction at Sand Island, wind direction from 10 to 120, the latest 60, in degrees.WIND DIRECTION°090180270360Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4
Pressure, altimeter at Sand Island, pressure, altimeter from 29.96 to 30.15, the latest 29.98, in inches of mercury.PRESSURE, ALTIMETERinHg29.9530.0030.0530.1030.15Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4
Visibility at Sand Island, visibility from 0.8 to 10.0, the latest 10.0, in miles.VISIBILITYmi02.557.510Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4LIFRIFRMVFRVFR
Lowest cloud base at Sand Island, lowest cloud base from 700 to 5,000, the latest 1,600, in feet.LOWEST CLOUD BASEft02,0004,0006,000Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4MVFRVFR
Precipitation at Sand Island, precipitation from 0.00 to 0.01, the latest 0.00, in inches.PRECIPITATIONin0.000.030.050.070.10Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4
Reports received at Sand Island, reports from 3.0 to 16.0, the latest 3.0, in reports.REPORTS RECEIVEDreports05101520Mon 28Tue 29Wed 30Thu 1Fri 2Sat 3Sun 4
The readings these charts were drawn from, as a table
HourTemperature FDew point FRelative humidity %Wind mphGust mphWind direction °Pressure, altimeter inHgVisibility miLowest cloud base ftPrecipitation inReports
Sun 4, 1 AM---23296029.9810.01,600-3
Sun 4, 12 AM80.074.08224336029.988.01,6000.0012
Sat 3, 11 PM80.373.78022316030.0010.01,6000.0013
Sat 3, 10 PM79.074.08522316030.0110.01,5000.0013
Sat 3, 9 PM79.074.08522316030.0110.01,5000.0013
Sat 3, 8 PM79.074.08521316030.007.01,500trace13
Sat 3, 7 PM78.973.38321306030.0010.01,7000.0015
Sat 3, 6 PM78.972.48120286029.997.01,600trace16
Sat 3, 5 PM80.371.87520285029.9810.02,0000.0014
Sat 3, 4 PM80.072.07718255029.974.02,0000.0013
Sat 3, 3 PM81.370.26916244029.968.02,3000.0015
Sat 3, 2 PM82.070.06717245029.988.02,3000.0013
Sat 3, 1 PM83.069.06316245029.9910.03,8000.0013
Sat 3, 12 PM83.068.06117255030.019.02,9000.0013
Sat 3, 11 AM82.268.46317256030.0310.02,5000.0014
Sat 3, 10 AM82.068.06318236030.0510.02,5000.0013
Sat 3, 9 AM81.070.06917226030.0510.02,4000.0013
Sat 3, 8 AM80.869.97016207030.0510.02,4000.0014
Sat 3, 7 AM78.969.47314-6030.0410.02,6000.0014
Sat 3, 6 AM78.069.07415214030.0110.02,6000.0013
Sat 3, 5 AM78.069.07414206030.0010.02,5000.0013
Sat 3, 4 AM77.068.07413174029.9910.02,5000.0013
Sat 3, 3 AM77.069.07614225029.9910.02,7000.0013
Sat 3, 2 AM78.569.27315235030.0010.02,5000.0015
Sat 3, 1 AM77.368.97515205030.0110.02,3000.0015
Sat 3, 12 AM78.069.07417225030.0110.02,3000.0013
Fri 2, 11 PM78.069.07415-5030.0210.02,7000.0013
Fri 2, 10 PM78.068.07117214030.0310.02,4000.0013
Fri 2, 9 PM78.968.57115244030.0410.02,6000.0014
Fri 2, 8 PM78.469.47415246030.0410.02,8000.0014
Fri 2, 7 PM78.468.07112224030.0310.02,8000.0014
Fri 2, 6 PM77.067.07111164030.0110.02,8000.0013
Fri 2, 5 PM79.066.06511163030.0010.03,0000.0013
Fri 2, 4 PM80.067.06510-4029.9910.02,8000.0013
Fri 2, 3 PM82.068.06310-1029.9910.02,8000.0013
Fri 2, 2 PM82.068.06311182030.0010.02,8000.0013
Fri 2, 1 PM82.068.06310165030.0110.02,8000.0013
Fri 2, 12 PM83.065.05510-3030.0210.0-0.0013
Fri 2, 11 AM82.065.05712163030.048.0-0.0013
Fri 2, 10 AM82.065.05711-5030.0710.0-0.0013
Fri 2, 9 AM80.065.06011163030.0710.03,4000.0013
Fri 2, 8 AM79.064.06012-4030.0610.03,1000.0013
Fri 2, 7 AM77.064.06411-4030.0410.03,1000.0011
Fri 2, 6 AM---11-2030.0210.04,800-7
Fri 2, 5 AM76.064.06611-4030.0110.03,4000.0013
Fri 2, 4 AM76.064.06610214029.9910.03,2000.0013
Fri 2, 3 AM76.065.0697-2029.9810.03,6000.0013
Fri 2, 2 AM75.063.0667-4029.9810.03,5000.0013
Fri 2, 1 AM76.063.0647-2029.9910.0-0.0013
Fri 2, 12 AM76.063.0648-3030.0010.03,4000.0013
Thu 1, 11 PM77.065.06710163030.0210.03,2000.0013
Thu 1, 10 PM77.067.0718-3030.04-3,2000.0013
Thu 1, 9 PM77.064.0647-2030.04-3,5000.0013
Thu 1, 8 PM76.064.0668-3030.0310.03,7000.0013
Thu 1, 7 PM77.063.0628-2030.0210.03,6000.0013
Thu 1, 6 PM77.064.0648-3030.0010.03,3000.0013
Thu 1, 5 PM78.065.0649-3029.9810.03,1000.0013
Thu 1, 4 PM80.067.0659-2029.9710.02,8000.0013
Thu 1, 3 PM81.068.0659-2029.9810.02,9000.0013
Thu 1, 2 PM81.367.76310-4029.995.02,9000.0015
Thu 1, 1 PM82.069.06510-5030.009.02,7000.0013
Thu 1, 12 PM81.069.06710-6030.028.02,5000.0013
Thu 1, 11 AM82.271.37010-6030.0410.02,2000.0014
Thu 1, 10 AM79.469.9739-5030.0610.02,3000.0014
Thu 1, 9 AM80.071.0745-7030.0610.03,6000.0013
Thu 1, 8 AM77.970.5784-4030.064.01,8000.0115
Thu 1, 7 AM77.069.4773-2030.0510.02,6000.0014
Thu 1, 6 AM76.068.0762-3030.0410.04,2000.0013
Thu 1, 5 AM76.067.0745-5030.0310.04,2000.0013
Thu 1, 4 AM75.067.0765-5030.0310.04,4000.0013
Thu 1, 3 AM76.066.0715-8030.030.84,8000.0013
Thu 1, 2 AM78.066.0676-10030.040.85,0000.0013
Thu 1, 1 AM77.066.0698-8030.0610.04,8000.0013
Thu 1, 12 AM76.067.07410-7030.0710.04,0000.0013
Wed 30, 11 PM78.068.07112-6030.0810.03,8000.0013
Wed 30, 10 PM79.070.07414-8030.097.02,5000.0013
Wed 30, 9 PM79.069.07213-8030.097.02,5000.0013
Wed 30, 8 PM79.069.07212-8030.0910.02,7000.0013
Wed 30, 7 PM79.070.07413-7030.0710.02,6000.0013
Wed 30, 6 PM80.070.07213-8030.0610.02,8000.0013
Wed 30, 5 PM80.370.87313-9030.0510.02,1000.0014
Wed 30, 4 PM78.072.08212-9030.052.5800trace13
Wed 30, 3 PM79.373.38214-9030.0610.0700trace16
Wed 30, 2 PM78.074.08813-8030.063.0700trace13
Wed 30, 1 PM82.374.27713-9030.0810.09000.0015
Wed 30, 12 PM81.673.97811-9030.0910.01,4000.0015
Wed 30, 11 AM81.873.7775-5030.1110.01,8000.0014
Wed 30, 10 AM79.873.2804-6030.129.01,6000.0013
Wed 30, 9 AM79.873.6815-12030.139.01,5000.0015
Wed 30, 8 AM78.973.0823-10030.127.01,900trace15
Wed 30, 7 AM78.072.0823-4030.1110.02,0000.0013
Wed 30, 6 AM76.070.0824-6030.0910.0-0.0013
Wed 30, 5 AM76.070.0828-6030.0810.0-0.0013
Wed 30, 4 AM76.071.0858-7030.0710.02,0000.0013
Wed 30, 3 AM75.671.3878-7030.0710.02,0000.0014
Wed 30, 2 AM77.471.8837-4030.086.02,000trace14
Wed 30, 1 AM77.672.3848-6030.099.02,200trace15
Wed 30, 12 AM78.071.0799-5030.1010.02,1000.0013
Tue 29, 11 PM78.071.0799-6030.1010.02,2000.0012
Tue 29, 10 PM78.071.0798-6030.1110.02,2000.0013
Tue 29, 9 PM78.071.0798-6030.1110.02,2000.0013
Tue 29, 8 PM78.071.0798-6030.1110.02,1000.0013
Tue 29, 7 PM78.071.0798-5030.0910.02,3000.0013
Tue 29, 6 PM79.071.07710-5030.0710.02,3000.0013
Tue 29, 5 PM80.071.07410-6030.0710.02,2000.0013
Tue 29, 4 PM81.071.07210-6030.0610.02,2000.0013
Tue 29, 3 PM83.072.07011-4030.0510.02,3000.0013
Tue 29, 2 PM83.071.06711-7030.0510.02,2000.0013
Tue 29, 1 PM84.071.06511-5030.0710.02,2000.0013
Tue 29, 12 PM83.072.07011-6030.0910.02,1000.0013
Tue 29, 11 AM83.073.07211-5030.1110.02,1000.0013
Tue 29, 10 AM80.571.57410-6030.1310.01,900trace15
Tue 29, 9 AM80.873.27810-4030.126.01,9000.0014
Tue 29, 8 AM80.873.2789-5030.1210.01,9000.0014
Tue 29, 7 AM79.072.0795-4030.1010.02,1000.0013
Tue 29, 6 AM77.071.0826-4030.0810.02,0000.0013
Tue 29, 5 AM77.071.0825-6030.0710.02,0000.0013
Tue 29, 4 AM76.070.0826-5030.0610.01,9000.0013
Tue 29, 3 AM77.072.0856-5030.0610.01,9000.0013
Tue 29, 2 AM77.072.0858-6030.0710.01,9000.0013
Tue 29, 1 AM77.072.0859-7030.0710.01,8000.0012
Tue 29, 12 AM78.572.38110-8030.0810.01,8000.0015
Mon 28, 11 PM78.073.0859-5030.1010.01,8000.0013
Mon 28, 10 PM78.072.0829-5030.1010.01,7000.0013
Mon 28, 9 PM78.073.08510-8030.0910.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 8 PM78.072.0829-6030.1010.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 7 PM79.072.0799-6030.0710.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 6 PM79.871.8778-5030.0610.02,1000.0014
Mon 28, 5 PM80.871.8749-3030.0610.02,0000.0014
Mon 28, 4 PM82.072.07211-6030.0610.02,2000.0013
Mon 28, 3 PM83.072.07010-6030.0510.02,1000.0013
Mon 28, 2 PM83.072.07010-5030.0510.02,1000.0013
Mon 28, 1 PM84.073.07010-4030.0610.02,3000.0012
Mon 28, 12 PM82.972.17010-5030.0810.02,2000.0015
Mon 28, 11 AM84.073.07010-5030.0910.02,0000.0013
Mon 28, 10 AM83.073.0729-5030.1110.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 9 AM82.373.37410-6030.1110.02,1000.0015
Mon 28, 8 AM81.073.07711-8030.1010.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 7 AM79.073.0829-7030.0910.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 6 AM76.072.0877-7030.0810.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 5 AM76.072.0877-7030.0710.01,9000.0013
Mon 28, 4 AM76.071.0858-6030.0610.02,0000.0013
Mon 28, 3 AM77.071.4839-7030.0610.02,0000.0015
Mon 28, 2 AM78.471.88010-7030.0710.02,0000.0014
Mon 28, 1 AM77.571.88310-8030.0810.02,0000.0014
Mon 28, 12 AM78.671.7799-7030.101.02,0000.0016
Sun 27, 11 PM77.072.0858-6030.1110.02,1000.0013
Sun 27, 10 PM77.071.08210-7030.1110.02,1000.0013
Sun 27, 9 PM79.071.07712-9030.119.02,0000.0013
Sun 27, 8 PM79.072.07912-8030.1210.02,1000.0013
Sun 27, 7 PM78.972.28011-8030.1110.02,1000.0016
Sun 27, 6 PM78.971.87911-8030.1010.01,9000.0014
Sun 27, 5 PM81.072.07411-7030.0910.01,9000.0013
Sun 27, 4 PM82.072.07210-8030.083.02,3000.0013
Sun 27, 3 PM83.072.07010-9030.083.02,100trace13
Sun 27, 2 PM79.474.2848-10030.094.01,8000.0114
Sun 27, 1 PM83.674.27410-8030.106.02,000trace14
Sun 27, 12 PM84.673.26911-9030.1210.02,1000.0014
Sun 27, 11 AM84.674.67211-9030.1410.01,9000.0014
Sun 27, 10 AM84.074.07211-9030.1510.01,8000.0013
Sun 27, 9 AM83.074.07411-9030.1510.01,7000.0013
Sun 27, 8 AM82.074.07712-9030.1510.01,7000.0013
Sun 27, 7 AM80.074.08212-8030.1510.01,9000.0013
Sun 27, 6 AM77.073.08811-7030.139.01,8000.0013
Sun 27, 5 AM78.573.38411-8030.1210.01,6000.0015
Sun 27, 4 AM78.074.08812-8030.1110.01,6000.0013
Sun 27, 3 AM78.473.28412-9030.119.01,8000.0013
Sun 27, 2 AM78.973.78413-9030.1210.01,6000.0014
High and Low at Sand Island, high from 80.0 to 85.0, the latest 80.0; low from 71.6 to 79.0, the latest 79.0, in degrees Fahrenheit.HIGH AND LOWF70758085Sep 5Sep 10Sep 15Sep 20Sep 25Sep 30HIGHLOW
Highest dew point and Lowest dew point at Sand Island, highest dew point from 69.8 to 78.8, the latest 74.0; lowest dew point from 63.0 to 75.2, the latest 74.0, in degrees Fahrenheit.HIGHEST DEW POINT AND LOWEST DEW POINTF6065707580Sep 5Sep 10Sep 15Sep 20Sep 25Sep 30HIGHEST DEW POINTLOWEST DEW POINT
Highest humidity and Lowest humidity at Sand Island, highest humidity from 74 to 100, the latest 82; lowest humidity from 53 to 84, the latest 82, in per cent.HIGHEST HUMIDITY AND LOWEST HUMIDITY%406080100Sep 5Sep 10Sep 15Sep 20Sep 25Sep 30HIGHEST HUMIDITYLOWEST HUMIDITY
Average wind and Strongest gust at Sand Island, average wind from 5 to 18, the latest 17; strongest gust from 16 to 35, the latest 35, in miles an hour.AVERAGE WIND AND STRONGEST GUSTmph010203040Sep 5Sep 10Sep 15Sep 20Sep 25Sep 30AVERAGE WINDSTRONGEST GUST
Precipitation at Sand Island, precipitation from 0.00 to 0.02, the latest 0.00, in inches.PRECIPITATIONin0.000.030.050.070.10Sep 5Sep 10Sep 15Sep 20Sep 25Sep 30
The readings these charts were drawn from, as a table
DayHigh FLow FHighest dew point FLowest dew point FHighest humidity %Lowest humidity %Average wind mphStrongest gust mphPrecipitation in
Oct 480.079.074.074.08282-350.00
Oct 383.077.074.067.085611732trace
Oct 283.075.069.863.0745511240.00
Oct 182.475.072.063.087628160.01
Sep 3083.075.275.268.089719-trace
Sep 2984.076.073.469.885659-trace
Sep 2884.076.073.471.087709-0.00
Sep 2785.077.075.271.0886711-0.01
Sep 2685.078.075.272.0896513-0.01
Sep 2585.076.075.271.688709--
Sep 2484.075.275.271.094725--
Sep 2383.077.076.074.094745--
Sep 2284.078.878.875.297777--
Sep 2182.475.278.073.410084816trace
Sep 2085.075.275.070.0917013-trace
Sep 1984.075.273.469.0896517250.01
Sep 1885.078.073.471.0826518-0.00
Sep 1785.078.076.069.089721725trace
Sep 1685.078.078.871.0917716310.02
Sep 1582.071.674.069.810069823trace
Sep 1485.073.074.069.09463826trace
Sep 1385.075.070.067.079591120trace
Sep 1283.075.271.664.08953921trace
Sep 1185.075.275.271.6947011230.01
Sep 1084.277.075.270.0947011220.01
Sep 984.275.273.069.089661224trace
Sep 884.275.274.068.0896511-trace
Sep 785.078.073.470.084651320trace
Sep 685.077.073.469.879631421trace
Sep 585.077.073.471.0856613200.01

Station report

Sand Island, in 6 sheets

Drawn from its report of Oct 4, 2026, 12:56 AM local time, in the manner of the Field Book, and opened beside the plates that explain each part of it.

1The sky

Contents

Broken at 1,600 ft, broken at 3,400 ft, overcast at 6,500 ft; the ceiling is 1,600 ft; visibility 10 mi or more.

Section of the sky over Sand Island, height above the station to scale: broken cloud with its base at 1,600 feet, broken cloud with its base at 3,400 feet, overcast cloud with its base at 6,500 feet, the ceiling at 1,600 feet, and visibility of 10 mi or more.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. A THE SKY OVER SAND ISLANDSECTION, HEIGHT ABOVE THE STATION TO SCALE, EACH LAYER AT THE HEIGHT OF ITS BASE AS REPORTED; COVER IN EIGHTHS OF THE SKY; TOPS NOT MEASUREDFT ABOVE THE STATION02,5005,0007,50010,000ETAGESLOWMIDDLETHE STATIONTHE CEILOMETER READS TO 12,000 FT, ABOVE THIS SHEETOVC 6,500 FTOVERCAST, 8 EIGHTHS OF THE SKYBKN 3,400 FTBROKEN, 5 TO 7 EIGHTHS OF THE SKYBKN 1,600 FTBROKEN, 5 TO 7 EIGHTHS OF THE SKYCEILING 1,600 FTVISIBILITY, MILES: 10 MI OR MORE0510TITLESand Island, the skySTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPESECTIONSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 1 of 6DATE2026-10-04IDSR-PMDY-1DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-SKY-001, FB-SKY-017, FB-SKY-016, FB-SKY-018, FB-SKY-013, FB-SKY-014

From the Field Book

2The air

Contents

80.0 F with a dew point of 74.0 F, 82 per cent relative humidity. Air lifted from the station would cool to its dew point, where cloud forms, about 1,400 ft up; the lowest cloud reported is at 1,600 ft.

Chart of the air at Sand Island: temperature 80.0 degrees Fahrenheit and dew point 74.0, 82 per cent relative humidity; air lifted from the station cools along the dry rate and meets its dew point about 1,400 feet above the station, against the lowest cloud reported at 1,600 feet; height to scale.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. B THE AIR AT SAND ISLANDTHE REPORTED TEMPERATURE AND DEW POINT, AND AIR LIFTED FROM THE STATION WITHOUT MIXING UNTIL IT SATURATES; HEIGHT ABOVE THE STATION TO SCALEFT ABOVE THE STATION01,0002,0003,00060 F70 F80 F90 FSATURATES 1,400 FT ABOVE THE STATION, AT 72.5 FLOWEST CLOUD REPORTED, BKN 1,600 FTTEMPERATURE 80.0 FDEW POINT 74.0 FSPREAD 6.0 FRELATIVE HUMIDITY 82 PER CENTTHE AIR COOLS ABOUT 5.4 F EACH 1,000 FT IT RISES, AND ITS DEW POINT ABOUT 1 FSOLID: THE LIFTED AIR'S TEMPERATURE; DASHED: ITS DEW POINTTITLESand Island, the airSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPECHARTSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 2 of 6DATE2026-10-04IDSR-PMDY-2DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-WAT-002, FB-ENG-011, FB-ENG-005

From the Field Book

3The wind

Contents

From the east northeast (60 degrees) at 24 mph, gusting 32 mph: force 5, a fresh breeze on the Beaufort scale. The strongest gust today was 35 mph.

Plan of the wind at Sand Island, north up: blowing from 60 degrees, the east northeast, at 24 miles an hour, gusting 32; beside it the Beaufort scale from calm to hurricane force, force 5, fresh breeze, marked.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. C THE WIND AT SAND ISLANDPLAN, NORTH UP: THE WIND AS REPORTED, AND WHERE IT SITS ON THE BEAUFORT SCALENESWTHE STATIONFROM 60°BEAUFORT FORCELEAST WIND, MPH0CALM01LIGHT AIR12LIGHT BREEZE43GENTLE BREEZE84MODERATE BREEZE135FRESH BREEZE19NOW, 24 MPH6STRONG BREEZE257NEAR GALE32GUST, 32 MPH8GALE399STRONG GALE4710STORM5511VIOLENT STORM6412HURRICANE FORCE73TITLESand Island, the windSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPEPLAN north upSCALENOT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 3 of 6DATE2026-10-04IDSR-PMDY-3DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-EVT-150, FB-ENG-008, FB-INS-002

From the Field Book

4The column

Contents

At 25 ft above sea level, 0 per cent of the atmosphere's air lies below the station. The standard atmosphere puts the pressure there at 29.89 inHg and the temperature at 58.9 F; the station's altimeter setting of 29.98 inHg means its barometer reads 29.95 inHg; it reports 80.0 F, 21.1 F warmer than standard.

Section from sea level of where Sand Island stands in the atmosphere, height to scale: the station 25 feet above sea level with 0 per cent of the air below it; the standard atmosphere's pressure there, 29.89 inches of mercury, and temperature, 58.9 degrees Fahrenheit; the altimeter setting of 29.98 and the station pressure it means, 29.95.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. D WHERE SAND ISLAND STANDS IN THE ATMOSPHERESECTION FROM SEA LEVEL, HEIGHT TO SCALE, THE STATION IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHEREFT ABOVE SEA LEVEL05,00010,00015,000SEA LEVEL, 29.92 inHg IN THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERESAND ISLAND0 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW IT25 FT10 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 2,890 FT20 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 6,050 FT30 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 9,540 FT40 PER CENT OF THE AIR BELOW, 13,470 FTSTANDARD PRESSURE HERE29.89 inHgSTANDARD TEMPERATURE HERE58.9 FALTIMETER SETTING, REPORTED29.98 inHgITS BAROMETER READS29.95 inHgTEMPERATURE, REPORTED80.0 FTITLESand Island, the columnSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPESECTIONSCALEHEIGHT TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 4 of 6DATE2026-10-04IDSR-PMDY-4DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-001, FB-ENG-003

From the Field Book

5The sun

Contents

On Oct 4 the noon sun stands 57 degrees above the horizon at 28.21 N, and the day is 11 h 40 min long. Level ground there takes 84 per cent of the noon sunlight a surface facing the sun would.

Elevation of the noon sun at Sand Island, angles true: on Oct 4 it stands 57 degrees above the horizon, against 85 at the June solstice, 62 at the equinoxes and 38 at the December solstice; the day is 11 h 40 min long.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. E THE SUN AT SAND ISLANDELEVATION LOOKING WEST, SOUTH TO THE LEFT: THE NOON SUN ON THE DAY OF THE REPORT, AND AT THE SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES; ANGLES TRUETHE STATIONJUNE SOLSTICE 85°EQUINOXES 62°DECEMBER SOLSTICE 38°OCT 4, 57°SOUTHANGLES TRUE; THE RAYS ARE OF ONE LENGTH AND DRAW DIRECTION ONLYDAY LENGTH 11 H 40 MINLEVEL GROUND TAKES 84 PER CENT OF THE NOON SUN A FACING SURFACE WOULDLATITUDE 28.21 N; THE SUN'S DECLINATION -4.7°TITLESand Island, the sunSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPEELEVATIONSCALEANGLES TRUEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 5 of 6DATE2026-10-04IDSR-PMDY-5DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-ENG-007

From the Field Book

6The instrument

Contents

An airport station, 25 ft above sea level. Its report of Oct 4, 2026, 12:56 AM local time is written on the sensors that made it.

Elevation of an airport station, Sand Island, each sensor drawn and labelled with what it read: barometers, in the shelter, altimeter 29.98 inhg; heated rain gauge, 0.00 in today; visibility sensor, 7 ft, 10 mi or more; ceilometer, looking up, bkn 1,600 ft; temperature in its shield, 5 ft, 80.0 f, dew point 74.0 f; wind, 33 ft, from 60°, 24 mph, gusts 32.1122334455667788AABBCCDDEE© 2026 STORM STATION 247THE FIELD BOOKSTATION REPORT PMDYFIG. F THE INSTRUMENTELEVATION OF AN AIRPORT STATION, EACH SENSOR WITH WHAT IT READ, OCT 4, 2026, 12:56 AM LOCAL TIMEBAROMETERS, IN THE SHELTERALTIMETER 29.98 inHgHEATED RAIN GAUGE0.00 IN TODAYVISIBILITY SENSOR, 7 FT10 MI OR MOREBEAMCEILOMETER, LOOKING UPBKN 1,600 FTTEMPERATURE IN ITS SHIELD, 5 FT80.0 F, DEW POINT 74.0 FWIND, 33 FTFROM 60°, 24 MPH, GUSTS 3233 FT5 FTHEIGHTS TO SCALE; THE SPACING BETWEEN SENSORS IS NOTTITLESand Island, the instrumentSTATION REPORT · ASOS PMDYTYPEELEVATIONSCALEPARTLY TO SCALEREVAS REPORTED SHEET 6 of 6DATE2026-10-04IDSR-PMDY-6DRAWN AS linework on paperSOURCES FB-INS-002, FB-INS-001, FB-INS-009

From the Field Book

Near Sand Island